The Female Reproductive Tract

1
The Female Reproductive Tract

• Information taken from the IMS 8405 Animal
  Science Curriculum and website from OK State.

2
Objectives

• Students will discover parts of all male
  livestock animals.
• Students will learn vocabulary relating to male
  reproduction
• Students will learn the functions of all the
  parts of male livestock.

3
Introduction

• Animal repro is a complex but interesting topic
• It requires a basic knowledge of reproductive
  anatomy and physiology
• Reproduction is the process of producing
  offspring for the purpose of continuing a species.

4
Purpose

1. To produce eggs or ova to be fertilized to from
   the embryo.
2. Serves as a receptacle for the penis during
   copulation and houses and nourishes the fetus
   until parturition.
3. Produce female hormones

5
The Tract

• The tract is made up of several organs and
  muscles, each having a specific function.
• The next couple of slides.

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The Tract
7
The Tract
8
Tract Types
9
Bovine Repro Tract
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The Ovaries
11
The Ovaries

• They are supported in place, along with the rest
  of the tract, in the abdominal cavity by the
  broad ligaments
• The arteries, veins, and nerves of the ovaries
  are located in these ligaments as well.

12
Inside the Ovary
13
Ovary Functions

• There are two ovaries which function to produce
  eggs or ova.
• The ovaries also produce estrogen and
  progesterone.

14
Ovary Hormones

• Progesterone hormone produced by the corpus
  luteum on an ovary during pregnancy which keeps
  estrus from occurring and causes the mammary
  system to develop.
• Estrogen the female hormone produced by the
  developing follicle on an ovary to regulate heat
  period and cause male receptiveness by the female
  at the time of ovulation

15
Video Review

• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/vide
  o/cowanat1.mov

16
Ovulation Video Clip

• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/vide
  o/ovulation-and-egg-transport.wmv
• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/vide
  o/OVUL.MOV

17
Infudibulums

• Just below the ovaries, are two funnel-like
  openings called the infundibulums, which pick up
  the eggs at ovulation.

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Oviducts

• Once the ova is in the infundibulum, the travel
  through the fallopian tubes (oviducts).
• 1. Oviduct is the site of fertilization
• 2. Oviduct transports the egg on into the
  uterine horn.

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Oviducts
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Uterus

• In the uterine horn, the embryo usually attaches,
  received nourishment, and develops until
  parturition.

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Uterine Horn
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Uterine body

• Place where the horns join.
• Layers
• Outer perimetrium
• Middle myometrium
• Inner endometrium

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Swine Tract
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Uterus Functions

• Transports sperm
• Muscle contractions and expelling of young
• Absorption and phagocytosis
• Support development of fetus
• Makes the Corpus Luteum regress

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Cervix

• The Main Gate controlled by hormones.
• Thick-walled mass of concentric muscles with a
  small tube-like opening which joins the uterus
  and the vagina

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Cervix

• Functions
• Barrier to sperm to stop polyspermy
• Reservoir for sperm
• Block bacterial infection during pregnancy
• Gate of birth canal
• Glands that secrete waxy-like substance that
  which seals off the uterus during pregnancy

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BovineCervix
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Equine Cervix
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Porcine Cervix
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Porcine Cervix
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Vagina

1. Receptacle for the penis during copulation
2. Passage way for the body to expel liquid waste.
3. The urethra joins the bladder to the vagina.

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(No Transcript)
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Vulva

• The external portion of the female repro tract
• Serves to protect the internal system from
  infection.

35
Clitoris

• Just inside the vulva
• Sensory erectile organ
• wink

36
Review

• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/vide
  o/cowanat2.mov

37
Egg Factory!

• The following slides will talk about egg
  production!

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O O O

• Oogenesis - Process of egg creation
• Oogonia cells in a fetus that turn into ovaries
• Oocytes matured oogonia
• There are thousand oocytes at the time of birth,
  but only a small proportion of these develop into
  ova or reach ovulation.

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Steps in the process
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Terms of Process

• When the follicle ruptures, a blood clotted area
  is formed
• This is called a corpus hemorrhagicum and last
  two or three days.

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Terms of Process

• The C.H. area begins to fill with a mass of
  yellow cells called the corpus luteum.
• Its cells have the primary purpose of producing
  the second female sex hormone progesterone.
• Progesterone prepares the female repro anatomy
  for pregnancy and last approx. twelve days,
  unless the egg is fertilized, and then the C.L.
  stays until parturition.

42
Terms of Process

• A degenerating C.L. becomes covered by connective
  tissue called corpus albicans.
• Its function is to remove the yellow cells of the
  C.L. and return the ovary to its normal shape.

43
Estrous Cycle

• Is the process of oogenesis the period of time
  from the beginning of one heat period(estrus) to
  the beginning of the next.
• A cow or mare normally produces one ovum per
  cycle. An ewe produces two and a sow eight to
  fifteen.

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Time

• Differs from one species of livestock to another
  cattle is from 18 to 25 days avg 21 days.
• The End!
• All pictures taken from
• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/inde
  x.htm