AP Chemistry Chpt 7

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AP Chemistry Chpt 7

• Metals, nonmetals reactions

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Metals

• Found in lower left side of the periodic table
• Electrically conductive
• Shiny, Reflective
• Form positive ions

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Reactions with metals

• The coinage metals resist direct reaction with
  oxygen, though even those metals can form metal
  oxides when reacted with stronger oxidizing
  agents.
• Most metals react more easily with oxygen to form
  metal oxides
• Sodium, and the elements beneath it are so
  reactive, they form superoxides with oxygen

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Predict the products of the following metals with
oxygen. If there is more than one possible
product, write balanced reactions for both. Then
predict which product will be favored when oxygen
is non-limiting.

• Silver oxygen
• Iron oxygen
• Lithium oxygen
• Potassium oxygen

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Metal oxides with water

• Form basic solutions (usually)
• Example
• CaO H2O ? Ca(OH)2
• Or amphoteric solutions
• Al2O3 3H2O ? 2Al(OH)3

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Non-metal oxides in water

• Form acidic solutions
• Examples
• CO2 H2O ? H2CO3
• SO2 H2O ? H2SO3

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Metal hydrides

• Alkali metals are so reactive, they can react
  directly with hydrogen to form metal hydrides
• 2M H2 ? 2MH
• Hydrides of other metals are possible, but are
  typically only produced when the hydrogen is
  under much higher pressure.

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Metal hydrides are extremely reactive

• These react with water to produce hydrogen gas,
  and a metal hydroxide

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Predict the product

• Potassium is added to hydrogen
• The product of the above reaction is added to
  water.
• Nitrogen dioxide reacts with water to produce two
  different soluble products
• Is this solution acidic or basic?
• Magnesium is combusted in oxygen, then the
  product is dissolved in water.
• Is this solution acidic or basic?