Plant Science

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Plant Science

• Agriscience Applications

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Careers in Plant Science

• Objective
• Investigate career opportunities related to
  plant science industries

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Careers in Plant Science

• Career Areas
• Forest Careers
• Growing, managing and harvesting trees for wood
  and its by-products
• Horticulture Careers
• Floriculture- flower production and use
• Landscape and nursery- plants used around homes
  and businesses for aesthetic purposes

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Careers in Plant Science

• Forest Careers
• Forester
• Helps with the science of growing trees
• Forest Ranger
• Management of forest including fire prevention
• Logging Foreman
• Supervise the harvesting of trees

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Careers in Plant Science

• Floriculture (Horticulture)
• Floral designer
• Flower grower
• Greenhouse manager
• Retail florist
• Wholesale florist

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Careers in Plant Science

• Landscaping and nursery (Horticulture)
• Greenskeeper- cares for golf courses
• Landscaper- installs plants
• Landscape architect
• Nursery operator- grows trees and shrubs
• Turf farmer- grows turf (grass) for sale

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Plant Parts and Functions

• Objective
• Explain the function of major plant parts as
  related to plant growth and health

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Plants

• Composed of many parts
• Roots
• Steams
• Leaves
• Flowers

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Roots

• Often the largest part of the plant
• Squash can have miles of roots
• Adventitious roots
• Found in places unexpected
• Poison ivy
• Mistletoe

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Root

• Two types of systems
• Taproot- main root that usually grows down
• Carrots
• Fibrous roots- thin, hair like, and numerous
• Grass
• Corn

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Root Tissue

• Root cap- outermost part of a root
• Tough cells that penetrate the soil
• Pushes through soil partials

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Roots

• Area of cell division
• Allows roots to grow longer
• New cell replace worn away cells
• Area of cell elongation
• Between the root cap and the plan base
• Cells become longer
• Cells become specialized

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Roots

• Xylem
• Carries water and nutrients to the upper portion
  of the plant
• Phloem
• Pipeline
• Carries food to the roots
• Food is stored in the roots

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Roots

• Areas of cell maturation
• Where cells mature
• Root hairs emerge
• Develop on the surface of the root
• Absorb water and nutrients
• Damaged easily
• Cannot be replaced

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Stems

• Support leaves, flowers, fruit
• Types of stems
• Woody
• Herbaceous
• Other stems
• Bulbs (onions)
• Rhizomes (wiregrass)
• Tubers (potato)

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Leaves

• Manufactures food for the plant
• Converts sunlight into food
• Photosynthesis

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Leaves

• Help in the identification of plants
• Leaf margins
• Shape and size varies with each species
• Simple leaves
• Compound leaves

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Flowers

• Functions to produce seeds
• Types of flowers
• Perfect (both male and female)
• Imperfect
• Pollination
• The union of pollen with the female part of the
  flower

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Assignment
Using pages 274 to 289 write a definition of the
following terms in your notebook

• Root cap
• Root hairs
• Woody
• Fruit
• Vegetable
• Perfect flower
• Herbaceous
• Stoma

• Bulbs
• Rhizomes
• Node
• Internode
• Simple leaves
• guard cells
• Imperfect flower
• Cuticle

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Photosynthesis
Objective Explore the photosynthesis process as
related to growth and development of a plant
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Process

• Light energy is connected to chemical energy
• Chloroplast contains chlorophyll
• Simple sugars are made (glucose)
• Carbon dioxide is used
• Oxygen is produced

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Photosynthesis
6CO212H2O C6H12O26O2
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Slowing Photosynthesis

• Low Carbon dioxide
• Greenhouse
• Carbon dioxide generators

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Slowing Photosynthesis

• Low Light
• Dark rooms
• Light intensity matters
• Temperature
• Best at 65-85 degrees Fahrenheit
• Extreme temps can stop photosynthesis

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Respiration

• Food is used
• Energy is released
• Oxygen is used
• Carbon dioxide is produced
• Occurs in both light and dark

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Transpiration

• Release of water vapor from the stomata
• 90 of the water entering the roots
• 10 is used in chemical processes
• Functions
• cooling
• transportation
• maintaining turgor pressure

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Plant Reproduction
Objective Describe flower and seed parts,
including their function
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Plant Reproduction

• Two types of propagation
• Sexual
• use of seed for reproducing plants
• only way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigor
• often least expensive and quickest
• Asexual
• vegetative
• exact duplicate

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Parts of the Flower

• Stamen (male part)
• Filament
• Anther- manufactures pollen
• Pollen- male sexual reproductive cell

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Parts of the Flower

• Pistil (female part)
• Stigma- receives the pollen
• Style- connection to the ovary
• Ovary- contains the ovules or female reproductive
  cells

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Parts of the Flower

• Petals (corolla)
• Colored part of the flower
• Attract insects or other natural pollinators

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Parts of the Flower

• Pollen
• Stamen (Male) Anther
• Filament
• Stigma
• Style Pistil (Female)
• Ovary

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Flower Parts
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The Seed

• Parts of the seed
• Seed Coat offers protection
• Endosperm supplies food for the seed
• Embryo is the young plant

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Germination

• The seed starts to sprout and grow
• Requires four environmental factors
• Water
• Air
• Light
• Temperature

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Environmental Factors

• Water imbibition (absorption of water)
• Tough seed coat
• Scarifying seeds
• Air is needed for respiration
• Seeds are viable or alive

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Environmental Factors

• Light
• Some seeds need light while others do not
• Seeds must have the right temperature to
  germinate

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Asexual Propagation

• Cutting vegetative parts of the plant
• leaf cuttings
• root cuttings
• stem cuttings
• layering
• grafting
• T-budding
• tissue culture (micropropagation)

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Assignment

• Complete the Self Evaluation on page 331 to 333
  sections A to D. For section D make all False
  answers true.

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Soil and Plant Media

• Objective Analyze basic soil and media
  requirements for growth of agricultural crops

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Soil and Plant Media

• Soil is the top layer of the earth's surface
• Sphagunm moss
• root growth
• Perlite
• volcanic glass
• starting new plants
• media mixes

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Soil and Plant Media

• Vermiculite
• mineral mica-type material
• stating plant seeds
• cuttings
• media mixes

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Soil and Plant Media

• Peat Moss
• used in media mixes

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Soil pH

• Improper pH affects availability of nutrients
• limits plant intake

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Amending soil pH
High Alkalinity
Change to acidic by adding sulfer or aluminum
sulfate
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Amending soil pH
High Acid
Change to more alkaline by adding lime
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Amending soil pH

• Lime is usually applied as finely ground
  dolomitic limestone
• calcium
• magnesium

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Fertilizers

• Objective Explain nutrient requirements and
  soil amendments needed for growth of agricultural
  crops

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Fertilizers
N-P-K

• Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium
• Example 10-10-10

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Fertilizers

• Fertilizers must become soluble (liquid form)
  before they can be used by plants
• Organic fertilizers
• Manure
• Bone meal (phosphorus)
• Soybean meal

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Fertilizers

• Organic fertilizers
• slow acting
• long lasting
• lacking some primary nutrients
• Inorganic
• High level of nutrients

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Plant Identification

• Plant ID for Agriscience

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Chlorophytum comosum

• COMMON NAME Spider plant
• FOLIAGE arching leaves with cascading wiry
  stems
• FLOWERS small white flowers
• ID FEATURE many times will contain tiny
  plantlets at the apex of leaves

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Chlorophytum comosum
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Euphorbia pulcherrima

• COMMON NAME Poinsettia
• FORM shrub
• FOLIAGE large alternate leaves with or without
  teeth on the margin
• FLOWER cup-shaped flowers in a cluster above
  the showy red, pink, or creamy leaf bracts with a
  large yellow gland on the rim of the flower

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Euphorbia pulcherrima
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Euphorbia pulcherrima
Red petals are actually bracts, not flowers.
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Hedera helix

• COMMON NAME English Ivy
• FORM a vine climbing by aerial rootlets or a
  prostrate groundcover
• FOLIAGE leaves are dark green with white veins,
  leathery evergreen foliage, alternate leaf
  arrangement, 1.5 to 4 long, juvenile leaves are
  3 to 5 lobed and adult leaves are not lobed

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Hedera helix
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Hedera helix
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Liriope muscari

• COMMON NAME Liriope
• FORM grass-like perennial 12 to 18 inch tall
  clumps
• FOLIAGE strap-like, arching, glossy, dark green
  leaves (to 1 wide)
• FLOWERS erect, showy flower spikes with tiered
  whorls of dense, violet-purple flowers

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Liriope muscari
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Liriope muscari
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Nephrolepis exaltata

• COMMON NAME Boston Fern
• FORM evergreen fern, up to 5 feet tall
• Reproduces by spores located on the bottom side
  of leaves

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Nephrolepis exaltata
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Nephrolepis exaltata
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Philodendron scandens

• COMMON NAME Parlor Ivy
• FORM trailing growth form
• FOLIAGE Heart shaped, glossy, dark green
  leaves, 4 long and 3 wide

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Philodendron scandens
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Saintpaulia ionantha

• COMMON NAME African violet
• FORM from miniature varieties of 4 inches wide,
  to large varieties more than 15 inches wide
• FOLIAGE large, flat, succulent, pubescent
  leaves
• FLOWERS varies in color from pink, white, blue,
  red and bicolor

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Saintpaulia ionantha
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Saintpaulia ionantha
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Saintpaulia ionantha
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Spathiphyllum cv.

• COMMON NAME Peace Lily
• FORM perennial herb
• FOLIAGE leaves are basal, elongated, pointed at
  both ends dark green with conspicuously indented
  veins
• FLOWERS small on spadix surrounded by a white
  or greenish, flat or concave spathe

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Spathiphyllum cv.
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Spathiphyllum cv.
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Tradescantia zebrina

• COMMON NAME Purple Wandering Jew
• FORM trailing vine-like plant, vines can grow
  to several feet in length
• FOLIAGE 2 wide and 4long leaves that are
  purple with silver stripes

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Tradescantia zebrina
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Tradescantia zebrina
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Tradescantia zebrina
This is actually a green variety of wandering jew.
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Viola X wittrockiana

• COMMON NAME pansy
• FORM low, bushy growing habit with a height of
  .25 to .75 feet tall and a width of .5 to .75
  feet
• FLOWERS white, yellow, black, brown, lavender,
  purple, blue, pink, often with blotches that
  resemble animals faces

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Viola X wittrockiana
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Viola X wittrockiana
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Viola X wittrockiana