???? (???

1
???????????????
????Solar-B??????????????

• ???? (????????)

2
????

• ??????????????????
• (1500G)??????????????
• ? ??????????????????????
• ??????????
• -convective collapse(????) Bellot Rubio et
  al.(2001)
• -?????????(cancellation) Bellot Rubio et
  al.(2005)
• -?????????

???
3
????????
Bellot Rubio et al.(2001)
?????????
???????
10?????? 400G600G ????????
??
????
4
?????????????

• G-band (photosphere)
• ????????? (Zwann 1987,
• Solanki 1993)
• - bright point G-band bright point (GBP)
• - dark point ?? (???)
• ?????????
• - ???? 1-2kG
• - ???? b 0.3
• - ?? 200km 0.3?

pore (dark)
GBP (bright)
(DOT)
AFS
20000km

• Ha (chromosphere)
• Arch Filament System ???????????????????????
• ????? (chromospheric bright region)

(Hida)
5
??????????????????
(a) Sweeping effect by convection motion (Parker
1963)
magnetic field
flux tube
B 500G
Photosphere
magnetic pressure dynamic
pressure
convective motion
(b) Convective collapse (Parker 1978, Webb
Roberts 1978, Spruit 1979)
radiative cooling
Photosphere
B 1.5kG
cold
magnetic pressure gas pressure
downflow
flux tube
Inhibition of convection
intense flux tube
6
???????

• Steiner et al.(1998) ?????????????
• ???1????????
• ? 1,2????????????
• (Hasan 1984,1985, Takeuchi 1998, Schlichenmaier
  et al.1999,
• Knölker Schüssler 1988 ??)
• Shibata et al.(1990) ?3???????
• ? ???????????????????(??)
• ? ?????????????????????????

7
Heating ???

• ?????(1500G)?????
• ? ??????????????
• ??(3000G)???
• ??????????????????convective heat flux ?????????

?? 6000?

• ???????????????????
• ????
• ??(????)??????

8
?????????

• ??????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• -??????????????????20?(???????200km)
• -????????1?(Athay 1976)
• Spiegel(1957)?????optically thin ???????
• ???????????????

mean linear absorption coefficient
??????????????????????? ? Takeuchi (1998)
9
???????????

• ?????????????(Shibata et al.1990)

?????? (ex. HSRA)
????(?)
120s
t 0.001
1s
t 1
??(km)
?????????????
10
???????(???tricky?)

• ??????????????????????
• ?????(???????????????????????)

??????????????????
Cooling time

(?)???????Spiegel?????????
??????????????????????? ????????
11
????????

• ????????????????????
• (???????????)
• f(ß) ????????????????????????

Heating term
initial cooling term
????????????????????????????? ?????
12
????2D
??
intense flux tube
????
???? (adiabatic)
13
????????????????
?????????? ????????? ? ????????
cooling time
?
after convective collapse
Bz
cooling time
movie
14
??????????????????
foot point
density
temperature
??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
???????? Center ???????????
loop center
density
Initial state
before CC
after CC
CC convective collapse
temperature
15
??????
Bz
ß??????????
?????(??)
??????????????? (?????????????)
16
3D????????(??????)
????
????
17
3D????????

• ???Y-Z??(X0??????X????)????

????
????
??????????????????????????
18
3?????(???)
????
????????
?????????????????? 2??????????????????
19
?????

• 3???????????????????
• ????
• ?????????????????????
• ??????300x300x300?????????
• VPP?PC?????(?????)???
• PC?????(8CPU)
• ?100x100x100x10000step??2??

20
Cancellation????
Bellot Rubio et al.(2005)
??
G-band
Ca II H
zenith angle
????
Filling factor
????
??
21
????
MMF
Plage element
????????????(???????????)
22
Convective flux model
??
?????????????? ???????????????? ??????????
23
????????

• RmH Cs /?
• ???????????????
• ? ?? Rm 105
• ? ???? Rm 104
• ? ???? Rm 3104 Kovitya Cram(1983)
• ? ??? Rm 1012
• ????????????
• ??????????????????

24
?????????????????
(?)???????????????????????????????? ?
??????????????
Temperature
?????????
????????
???????????
????????
movie
25
???

• ???????Solar-B?????????
• ?????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• 2???????????