Ancient Egypt

1
Ancient Egypt

• 1st of two Power Points

2
Where in the World?

• Egypt developed in a river valley along the Nile
  River.
• It is located in Northeast Africa.

3
The Nile

• Nile is the worlds longest river.
• Flows 4,160 miles from the mountains of east
  Africa to the Mediterranean Sea.
• Last 600 miles is in Egypt.

4
Where did ancient Egyptians live?

• Most Egyptians lived near the river and its
  Delta.
• Delta fan-shaped fertile area near the
  Mediterranean Sea.
• They farmed and were protected by invaders.

5
Upper and Lower Egypt

• Two kingdoms formed along the Nile. Upper and
  Lower Egypt.
• Narmer, a king of Upper Egypt conquered Lower
  Egypt and made one united kingdom.

6
Pharaoh

• Pharaoh was name given to Egyptian ruler.
• Means Great House.
• Egyptians believed that Pharaoh was a god on
  earth.
• Pharaoh owned all of the land which he gave as
  gifts. He was also in charge of all governmental
  actions.

7
Religion

• Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses.
• Most important gods were ReSun God, HapiRiver
  God, HorusSky God, and Osiristhe god of the
  harvest and eternal life.

8
Life after death?

• Egyptians believed that the soul could not live
  without the body.
• Embalmed bodies.
• Remove organs
• Slowly dry body.
• Wrap body in strips of linen.

9
Pyramids

• Pyramids were tombs for the pharaoh.
• Designed to protect the body from floods, wild
  animals, and robbers.
• The Great Pyramid was for Khufu.

10
Other monuments

• Khufu, Thutmose, and Ramses II were glorified
  with large monuments and statues.
• The Great Sphinx at Giza is an example.
• Great Sphinx has a body of a lion and a human
  head.

11
Trade and Conquest

• Egypt conquered many lands during its long
  history.
• 1700s BC Hyksos (from Asia) conquered Egypt. They
  ruled for 150 years.
• Egyptians learned to use bronze and iron weapons
  and horse-drawn chariots.
• Egyptians sought gold and gems in Kush
  (present-day Sudan)

12
Trade and Conquest Continued.

• First female pharaoh, Hatsheptsut expanded
  Egyptian trade.
• Traded with Phoenicians and Greeks.
• They spread ideas and accomplishments.

13
Egyptian Writing.

• Hieroglyphics form of writing in which pictures
  were used for words or sounds.
• Carved hieroglyphics on monuments or on papyrus.
• Papyrus is a plant that grows along the Nile and
  is used to make paper.

14
Mathematics and Medicine

• Egyptians used a number system based on 10.
• They used fractions and whole numbers.
• They developed geometry to survey and measure
  land.
• Created a calendar based on Niles annual
  flooding.

• In Medicine, Egyptians were the first to use
  splints, bandages and compresses.
• They were skilled in sewing up cuts and setting
  broken bones.
• They also had remedies for hair loss and
  indigestion.

15
Decline

• Eventually Egypt grew very weak.
• The priests struggled with the pharaohs for
  power.
• Lots of energy and money was used to keep
  neighboring countries under Egyptian control.
• Egypt was then conquered by greater empires.
  Greece and Rome.