Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae
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The Plant Kingdom

• gt300,000 known species
• This kingdom has organisms that are
  multi-cellular, have cell walls and chlorophyll,
  produce their own food, and dont physically move
  from one place to another.
• 2 groups
• Nonvascular (liverworts,
• hornworts, and mosses)
• Vascular (common plants like
• pines, ferns, corn, and oaks)

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The Plant Kingdom
The oldest and most simple photosynthetic
organisms on earth are algae (which are Protista)
The multicellular algae are separated into
divisions based on their photosynthetic
pigments, food storage products, and cell-wall
components. The three major groups include
Brown algae
Red algae
Green algae
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The Plant Kingdom
                                                
         
Green algae are thought to have given rise to the
higher plants.
They have the same pigments, storage products,
and cell-wall type. Also, many of them live in
fresh water
The different plants selected for adaptations
that allowed them to exploit more of
the terrestrial regions
What adaptations would you need for transition of
life on to land?
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The Plant Kingdom
What are the problems of the transition from
water to land?
Problem 1 Desiccation
Solution waxy cuticle covers surfaces of leaves.
Problem 2 Waxy cuticle also impermeable to
gases how does gas exchange
occur?
Solution stomata small pores typically found
on the underside of leaves. The opening and
closing of the pores can be controlled as needed.
Problem 3 Structural support there is no water
to hold the plants up
Solution lignin an organic polymer that when
deposited during secondary thickening, makes the
plant woody and therefore rigid.
Problem 4 Source of water and nutrients?
Solution Water and nutrients are taken up by
the root and vascular systems.
Problem 5 Reproduction fertilization and
dispersal without a liquid medium
Solution Use complex systems to employ wind,
water, and different organisms for both
fertilization and dispersal more later
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The Plant Kingdom
Although non-vascular plants such as liverworts,
mosses, and vascular plants such as ferns have
many adaptations for life on land, gymnosperms
and angiosperms (vascular plants) are the only
plants that are most adapted for life on land
hence their success!!!
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