AP US History Exam

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• AP US History Exam
• Friday, May 6th at 730 a.m. in small gym

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• Review Schedule
• Week 1 Periods 1, 2, 3 (Chapters 1-6), 1491
  to 1800
• Week 2 Period 4 and part of Period 5 (Chapters
  7-13), 1800 to 1861
• Week 3 Part of Period 5 and Period 6 (Chapters
  14-19), 1861-1898
• Week 4 Period 7 (Chapters 20-25), 1898-1945
• Week 5 Periods 8 9 (Chapters 26-31), 1945 to
  the present
• Week 6 Complete and review practice test in
  back of AMSCO

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• Review Schedule
• Pull out your Guided Readings Jeopardy gamesfor
  each week
• Go through your APUSH binder and look at your
  focuses and mnemonics
• Commit to learning the key vocab that we are
  going over during tutorials
• Stay positive and think about how much money you
  are saving yourself

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• Review Schedule
• Staying with a schedule requires discipline
• This discipline is greatly strengthened if a
  study group chooses a specific time and place to
  meet and sets specific objectives for each
  meeting

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• Review Schedule

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Turning Points in US History

• What is a turning point?
• A turning point is a moment when a societys
  historical trajectory is sent in a significantly
  new direction. In other words, a turning point
  marks the beginning of a new historical reality.

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Turning Points in US History

• Sometimes it is a social movement
• Womens suffrage took 72 years from Seneca Falls
  in 1848 to the 19th amendment in 1920

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Turning Points in US History

• Sometimes it is a decisive battle
• Battle of Saratoga during American Revolution or
  the Battle of Antietam during Civil War

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Turning Points in US History

• Sometimes it is a new technology
• Invention of the telegraph in the 1840s
• The personal computer in the 1970s

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Turning Points in US History

• History is the study of conflict.
• Not just violence, riots, and war but conflict of
  ideas.
• For example, was slavery compatible with
  Republican values in 18th and 19th centuries?
  Would giving women the right to vote destroy the
  American family?

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Turning Points in US History

• History is the study of agency which means that
  people take matters into their own hands to
  achieve historical change
• For example, the civil rights movement.

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Turning Points in US History

• Another historical theme crisis-which leads to
  opportunity
• For example, the Great Depression lead to the New
  Deal program.
• Civil War lead to the unthinkable the
  Emancipation Proclamation

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Turning Points in US History

• And finally history is the study of choices.
  Nothing is inevitable.
• Change is driven by choices made by people.
• For example, the decision of the Continental
  Congress to declare American independence or
  Truman to drop the atomic bomb in 1945

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Turning Points In History

• Objective To review American history through
  critical events
• Identify the implied event
• Comment on its significance
• List pieces of outside information

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1763

• The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian
  War. The British won control all land west to
  the Mississippi river, including Florida. This
  British victory left the colonists with no
  foreign enemies on their immediate borders. It
  was at this moment that the British, in need of
  money to pay for past wars and the costs of
  administering new lands, chose to impose new
  taxes on the colonies. The colonists saw no
  reason to pay taxes for protection they felt they
  did not need. Thus began the clash that ended in
  the American Revolution.

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1763

• Outside info
• a) Pontiacs Rebellion
• Chief Pontiacs alliance of Native Americans
  destroyed forts and settlements from NY to
  Virginia. Rather than relying on colonial forces
  to retaliate, the British sent regular troops
• b) Proclamation of 1763
• Prohibited colonists from settling west of
  Appalachian Mountains
• c) Sugar Act of 1764, Quartering Act of 1765, and
  the Stamp Act of 1765

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1776

• The Declaration of Independence marked the first
  time in history that a colony had boldly asserted
  independence from a mother country. Winning the
  war was necessary, however, to make independence
  a reality. The DOI, as a document, justified the
  separation on the grounds of violations of the
  colonists natural rights and asserted that all
  men are created equal. This statement, also not
  reality at the time, has served as a standard by
  which we judge how far we have come and how far
  we have to go to achieve real equality in
  America.

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American Revolution-Britain being thrown off the
horse (America)-1776
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• This cartoon, by an unknown artist, demonstrates
  how Colonial Americans viewed their mother
  country. They wanted Britain "off their back" and
  out of the colonies completely.
• The print - "The Horse America, Throwing His
  Master" - depicts a horse (named "America")
  throwing his rider (King George III).

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1776

• Outside info
• a) Intolerable Acts of 1774
• Acts resulted from the Boston Tea Party. These
  were punitive acts also called Coercive Acts
• b) Battle of Saratoga 1777
• Persuaded France to join the colonists in fight
  for independence
• c) Enlightenment (John Locke)-natural laws

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1789

• Ratification of the Constitution gave the United
  States a more perfect union than had been
  possible under the state dominated Articles of
  Confederation. The document, based on the
  principles of federalism, separation of powers,
  representation, and flexibility, created a firm
  foundation for the growth and development of the
  United States.

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1788-Federalist push for all 13 colonies to adopt
the new Constitution
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1789

• Outside info
• a) Representation (Great Compromise) 2 house
  Congress
• In Senate, states would have equal representation
  and in House of Representatives each state would
  be represented based on population
• b) Slavery-Three fifths Compromise
• Purpose for determining each states level of
  taxation and representation
• c) Federalists Papers
• Essays were key element in Federalist campaign
  for Constitution (Jay, Hamilton, and Madison)

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1800

• In the Revolution of 1800, the
  Democratic-Republicans, after a heated struggle,
  won the presidency and control of Congress. The
  new nation survived this critical change of power
  from the business-oriented, aristocratic
  Federalists to the more agrarian and democratic
  party of Jefferson without violence.

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1800

• Outside info
• a) Alien and Sedition Acts
• Federalists attempt to restrict
  Democratic-Republicans (5 to 14 years to become
  citizen, deport aliens, make it illegal for
  newspapers to criticize president)
• b) Kentucky (Jefferson) and Virginia (Madison)
  Resolves
• Violated rights of 1st amendment, could a state
  void and nullify federal law
• c) Close race between Aaron Burr and Thomas
  Jefferson

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1803

• Both the Louisiana Purchase and the Supreme Court
  decision in Marbury v Madison had major
  importance for the future. Acquisition of
  Louisiana gave the US control of the Mississippi
  River, which it needed for commercial reasons.
  More importantly, it doubled the size of the
  country, assured the downfall of the Federalists,
  strongly suggested that the country would one day
  extend from sea to sea and require Jefferson, who
  had previously opposed use of the elastic clause,
  

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1803

• To take a step toward a loose interpretation.
  The Marbury case set a precedent for judicial
  review and the raised the Supreme Court to a
  position of equality with the president and
  Congress

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1803

• Outside info
• a) Lewis and Clark
• Benefits great geography knowledge, better
  claim to Oregon Territory, and better relations
  with Indians
• b) Duel with Hamilton and Burr 1806
• c) Embargo Act of 1807
• Due to Englands impressment of US sailors and
  Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

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1814

• The Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812,
  resulted in a return to the status quo ante
  bellum. While it did not represent a victory for
  the US, as many later assumed, it have important
  consequences, among them an increase in
  nationalism, a chance to pursue westward
  expansion relatively unhampered by Native
  American resistance, encouragement of American
  manufacturing, disappearance of the Federalist
  party, and a strengthening of isolation that kept
  the country out of foreign wars for a century

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1814

• Outside info
• a) Hartford Convention
• NE states threatened to secede. Killed off
  Federalist party
• b) Battle of New Orleans
• One of the few US victories, Jackson becomes
  national hero. Also, gives Americans strong
  feeling of nationalism
• c) War Hawks
• Young DR congressmen, Henry Clay and John C
  Calhoun-wanted to gain Canada, destroy Indian
  resistance in west, and beat Great Britain

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1848

• The Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo, which ended the
  Mexican War, gave the United States control of
  the vast Mexican Cession. Acquisition of this
  territory revived the slavery issue that shortly
  played an important role in the Civil War. The
  Treaty also created lasting resentment of the
  powerful United States among Latin American
  countries.

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1848

• Outside info
• a) Wilmot Proviso
• Slavery is intensified. House bill was proposed
  that would forbid slavery in the new territories
  acquired from Mexico
• b) Ostend Manifesto
• Polk and Pierce both tried to buy Cuba from
  Spain. South wanted to expand slavery there
• c) Gadsden Purchase 1853
• Strip of land in Southwest for southern railroad

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1861

• The outbreak of the Civil War ended any chance to
  settle the slavery issue peacefully. In dividing
  the Union, it also threatened to destroy
  credibility of government under the Constitution.
  What other country would model a government that
  could not survive its first major crisis?

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1861

• Outside info
• a) Lincoln elected 1860
• Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrats) John
  Breckinridge (Southern Democrats) John Bell
  (Constitutional Union Party) first Republican
  president
• b) Bull Run (Stonewall Jackson)
• Ended illusion of short war and showed that Union
  wasnt that strong and that South was stronger
  than originally thought
• c) Antietam (Emancipation Proclamation)
• Britain and France dont come to South aid

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1865

• The end of the Civil War and the death of Lincoln
  had major consequences. Lincoln, in his second
  inaugural address, had pledged a lenient peace
  when the war ended. President Andrew Johnson and
  Radical Republicans in Congress had other ideas.
  Republicans in Congress knew that their own
  majority would be threatened when southern states
  returned. They hoped to secure their own
  programs and African American political support
  before agreeing to southern readmission.

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1865

• Outside info
• Shermans March
• Helped get Lincoln reelected in 1864, broke
  spirit of the Confederacy and destroyed its will
  to fight on
• b) Civil War Amendments
• 13th-abolished slavery 14th-citizenship
  15th-right to vote
• c) Lincolns 10 percent plan and Wade Davis Bill
  (50)
• Full pardon to most Confederates if they took an
  oath to Union and accepted emancipation of
  slaves

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A Man Knows a Man-Veterans recognizing
service-1865
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• Military service, especially in battle, was
  often seen as a rite of passage that turned boys
  into men. Physical scarring or maiming served as
  the visible symbol of manhood tested and earned
  through combat. The message of this cartoon,
  appearing at the end of the Civil War, is that
  white and black Union soldiers have made the same
  sacrifice and are equal in their manhood. It can
  be inferred that, for the artist, the equality of
  manhood would encompass the economic right to
  work as free men and to provide for their
  families. The artists intent on the more
  difficult questions of political and social
  equality is uncertain.

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1877

• After Hayes won the disputed election of 1876, he
  agreed to withdrawal of the last remaining Union
  troops from the former Confederacy. This
  official end of Reconstruction and of northern
  supervision of the South (1877) left the new
  freedmen at the mercy of vengeful southerners.

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1877

• Outside info
• Freedmen Bureau
• Under direction of General Oliver Howard, it
  provided food, shelter, and medical aid to
  African Americans
• Black Codes
• Severe restrictions and rights of former slaves,
  work contracts, cant own guns, serve on juries,
  sharecroppers
• c) Samuel Tilden

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1914

• The outbreak of World War I in Europe brought to
  an end almost a century of peace on the
  Continent. Promising steps toward Progressive
  reform in the United states came to a halt as
  President Wilson focused his attention on foreign
  affairs and how best to influence the course of
  the war and eventual peace.

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1914

• Outside info
• a) Lusitania sinking 1915
• German sub (u boat) sank British passenger ship.
  128 Americans died
• b) Zimmermann Telegram 1917
• If Mexico would ally itself with Germany, then
  Germany would help recover lost territories in
  Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
• c) Russian Revolution 1917
• Communist takeover

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"I Want You" Recruiting Poster-1917
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1919

• The Treaty of Versailles, based in part on
  Wilsons Fourteen Points, included plans for a
  League of Nations. This controversial
  organization proved to be the sticking point that
  prevented the Senate from ratifying the treaty.
  The United States never joined the League, thus
  reducing its potential impact, and instead
  returned to relative isolation.

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1919

• Outside info
• a) Henry Cabot Lodge
• Republican senator who would only accept the
  League if certain reservations were added (called
  reservationists)
• b) Suffers a stroke during western tour
• Never recovered and League did not pass
• c) Red Scare
• From 1919 to 1920 Attorney General Mitchell
  Palmer went after anarchists, socialists, and
  labor agitators

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Come Unto Me, Ye Opprest! European Anarchist
in background, 1919
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"Close the Gate"-Chicago Tribune-July 1919
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1929

• The Stock Market Crash (1929) brought to an end
  a long period of prosperity for American business
  and started the worst depression in American
  history (didnt cause it). In the course of
  dealing with the Depression, the United States,
  under Franklin Roosevelt, introduced a welfare
  state with government taking increasing
  responsibility for the interests of a variety of
  less fortunate groups in American society

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1929

• Outside info
• Hawley Smoot tariff 1930
• In June 1930, Hoover signed the highest ever
  tariff. It ranged from 31 to 49 on foreign
  imports
• b) Bonus March 1932
• Thousands of unemployed WWI vets marched to
  Washington DC to demand payment of bonuses that
  were promised to them at later date 1945
• c) 3 rs
• Relief for people out of work, recovery for
  business and the economy, and reform of American
  economic institutions

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Migrant Mother
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1941

• The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the
  United States into active participation in the
  worst war in the history of the world.

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1941

• Outside info
• Lend lease act
• Ended cash and carry/permitted Britain to obtain
  US arms on credit/like lending your neighbor a
  garden hose to put out a fire
• b) Internment
• 100,000 Japanese Americans interned. Upheld in
  Korematsu vs US (1944)
• c) Propaganda

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Rosie the Riveter
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1945

• The end of World War II ushered in the Atomic
  Age, the creation of the United Nations, the Cold
  War, and the beginning of the end of colonialism.

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1945

• Outside info
• FDR dies
• April 1945/Germany surrenders May, 1945/Japan
  surrenders August, 1945
• b) Island hopping, Battle of Midway, D Day
  (Normandy), atomic bombs
• Campaign to get within striking distance of
  Japan/turning point in Pacific theater/Allied
  drive to liberate France June 6, 1944/Manhattan
  Project/Hiroshima/Nagasaki
• c) United Nations

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1954

• The year was significant both for this countrys
  first involvement in the war in Vietnam and for
  the historic Supreme Court decision in Brown v.
  Board of Education of Topeka, which overturned
  the 1896 separate but equal decision and began
  the change in American treatment of African
  Americans

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1954

• Outside info
• Highway Act 1956
• 42K miles of highways linking all major US
  cities/purpose was to improve national defense
• b) Eisenhower Doctrine
• 1957, the US pledged economic and military
  support to any Middle Eastern country threatened
  by communism
• c) CIA overthrow of Iran and Guatemala
• Covert or undercover intervention was less
  objectionable than employing US troops

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1960

• The first sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina,
  marked the beginning of a new activism of African
  Americans in protest against segregation. The
  election of JFK later that year, in a close
  election in which African Americans made a
  difference, led to a revolution of rising
  expectations among African Americans and a new
  support for civil rights legislation within the
  federal executive branch.

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1960

• Outside info
• New Frontier
• torch being passed to a younger generation JFK
  chose his younger brother Bobby as Attorney
  General, his wife, Jacqueline brought style,
  glamour
• b) Bay of Pigs 1961
• CIA failed scheme to use Cuban exiles to
  overthrow Fidel Castro
• c) Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
• Russians were building nuclear missiles in Cuba/
  JFK set up naval bloc

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Kennedy/Khrushchev Cold War Arms Race-1961
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1964

• Passage of the historic Civil Rights Act outlawed
  segregation in public accommodations and public
  facilities and banned discriminatory practices in
  hiring, voting, and education.

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1964

• Outside info
• Voting Rights Act 1965
• Ended literacy tests/impact was dramatic in deep
  South where African Americans could vote for the
  first time since Reconstruction
• b) Immigration Act 1965
• Does away with 1920s Immigration restriction acts
• c) Great Society/Vietnam War
• Expanded social programs from New
  Deal/Medicaid/Medicare/War on Poverty/Head Start

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1968

• The assassination of both MLK and RFK effectively
  brought the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s to
  an end.

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1968

• Outside info
• Tet Offensive
• January 1968, the Vietcong launched a surprise
  attack on every major city and base in South
  Vietnam/major setback for America
• b) MyLai Massacre
• c) Nixon wins
• Vietnamization-gradually withdrawal troops and
  give South Vietnamese the money, the weapons and
  the training. Tied into Nixon doctrine where
  future Asian allies would receive US support but
  without military aid

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1973

• The Paris Peace Agreement marking the end of the
  longest war in American history forced Americans
  to realize that they were not invincible and
  could not solve all the problems of the world.
  Congress took steps to limit presidential options
  in the War Powers Resolution in an effort not to
  be drawn into another undeclared war.

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1973

• Outside info
• Fall of Saigon
• April 1975, the US supported government in Saigon
  fell to the enemy and Vietnam became 1 country
  under the rule of Communist government
• b) Watergate
• Break in of Democratic Party headquarters
• c) Nixon resigns
• About to be impeached

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1989

• The dismantling of the Berlin Wall, the election
  of Solidarity in Poland, and the fall of the
  Easter European economies in Hungary, East
  Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania
  signaled the impending collapse of the former
  Soviet Union and ushered in a new era in US
  diplomatic relations.

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1989

• Outside info
• "perestroika" and "glasnost
• perestroikarestricting of the Soviet economy by
  introducing free market practices/glasnostopennes
  s to end political repression and move toward
  greater political freedom
• b) Mikhail Gorbachev
• c) Beijing's Tiananmen Square
• In 1989, prodemocracy students demonstrated for
  freedom, Chinese Communist government crushed the
  protest with tanks

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1994

• The Republican landslide in the November
  elections gave the party its first control of
  both houses of Congress in many years. The
  election brought into question the publics
  satisfaction with long standing welfare
  legislation and suggested a return of significant
  authority to state governments.

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1994

• Outside info
• a) NAFTA
• b) Brady Bill (5 days for a handgun)
• c) Family Medical Leave Act (12 weeks)