EVOLUTION

1
EVOLUTION

• Adapting to change!

2
Evolution

• Evolution is the sum of all transformations
  undergone by primitive life over time.
• Primitive life 4 bya

3
Natural selection

• Natural selection is the process by which traits
  become more or less common in a population due to
  consistent effects upon the survival or
  reproduction of their bearers. It is a key
  mechanism of evolution.
• Individuals whose physical and behaviour
  characteristics are best adapted to their habitat
  have better chances of reproducing and passing on
  their characteristics to future generations.
• Survival of the fittest

4
Genetic Mutation

• A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA
  sequence that makes up a gene.
• Gene mutations occur in two ways they can be
  inherited from a parent or acquired during a
  persons lifetime.
• This completes the theory of natural selection
  and evolution of species
• (Eye color is a form of genetic mutation)

5
Genes and Chromosomes

• Genes are found in chromosomes
• Chromosomes are singular pieces of DNA, which
  contain many genes.
• Its chromosomes and genes that determine
  individual characteristics

6

• Chromosome are found in the nucleus of the cells
  of living organisms
• They are the blueprint of life
• Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes for a
  total of 46
• There are 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of
  sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are the X
  chromosome and the Y chromosome
• Male (XY) Female (XX)

7
Dominant vs. Recessive genes

• Dominant genes are the ones that are expressed
  and visible.
• However, it is possible that a recessive gene
  (trait) might be visible if it is inherited by
  both parents.