Greenhouse Gas Calculator for Biodiesel

1
Greenhouse Gas Calculator for Biodiesel

• Heike Hintze-Gharres
• HGCA

2
Framework and targets- combat climate change

• Kyoto Protocol - commitment to reduce GHG
  emissions
• UK committed to a 12 reduction by 2008-2012
• EU target to reduce carbon dioxide emissions 20
  by 2020
• UK Climate Change Bill Reduce CO2 emissions
  80 by 2050
• 20 of all EU energy to come from renewables by
  2020
• 15 of all UK energy to come from renewables by
  2020
• EU target of 10 road fuel from biofuels by 2020
  (by energy)
• 10 of UK electricity supply from renewable
  energy by 2010, rising to 20 by 2020

3
Regional UK biodiesel production - four biodiesel
plants currently in operation
Plants in Operation Plants in Operation Plants in Operation Plants in Operation Plants in Operation
1 Ebony (Rapeseed Soyabeans) Ebony (Rapeseed Soyabeans) Ebony (Rapeseed Soyabeans) Cheshire
2 Greenergy (Rapeseed) Greenergy (Rapeseed) Greenergy (Rapeseed) Immingham
3 Biofuels Corp (Rapeseed) Biofuels Corp (Rapeseed) Biofuels Corp (Rapeseed) Middlesborough
4 Argent (Tallow, Cooking Oil) Argent (Tallow, Cooking Oil) Argent (Tallow, Cooking Oil) Motherwell

Plants under Construction / Planning Plants under Construction / Planning Plants under Construction / Planning Plants under Construction / Planning Plants under Construction / Planning
5 5 ABS Biodiesel Avonmouth Avonmouth
6 6 Tees Valley Middlesborough Middlesborough
7 7 INEOS Grangemouth Grangemouth
8 8 DMF Rosyth Rosyth
9 9 Goes On Green Tyne and Wear Tyne and Wear
More than 50 cereals 40-50 cereals 20-40
cereals Less than 20 cereals
9
6
1
5
Source HGCA
4
UK biodiesel production capacity- was just
2.6 of EU biodiesel output in 2007
EBB estimates in 2005, 2006 and 2007 FO
Licht forecasts from 2007 prior to 2005 less
than 50,000t produced f Forecasts
Sources EEB, FO Licht, HGCA
5
Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)- in
force since 15 April 2008

• Obligation for fuel suppliers to ensure certain
  volume percentage of their aggregate sales is
  from biofuel
• 2.5 for 2008 (1.07Mt biofuels)
• 3.75 for 2009 (1.6Mt biofuels)
• 5.0 for 2010 (2.5Mt biofuels)

• But Gallagher Review recommends to slow
  introduction of biofuels in UK
• 2.5 for 2008
• 3.0 for 2009
• 3.5 for 2010
• 4.0 for 2011
• 4.5 for 2012
• 5.0 for 2013 Recommendations still out for
  public consultation

Estimates based on 2005 fuel sales (Dft)
Sources Dft, HGCA
6
First quarterly UK RFA report- increased use of
biofuels in road fuel, but majority of feedstock
is imported

• Biodiesel made up 4.20 or 363.4M litres of
  diesel for road transport
• Bioethanol accounted for 0.92 or 69.4M litres
  of petrol for road transport

- Biofuel accounted for 2.67 of road fuel, above
the RTFObligation of 2.5 for 2008
- Overall GHG reduction in Q1 was 44 (target
40), with UK biofuels averaging GHG savings gt 75
Source RFA
7
HGCA Greenhouse Gas Calculator (GHG)-
calculating the carbon footprint of biofuels made
from UK feedstock

• The GHG calculator is an interactive
  demonstration tool for calculating GHG emissions
  resulting from the production and use of fuel
  from rapeseed and wheat from the UK
• The calculator is designed for use on farm and
  throughout the supply chain
• It uses detailed information from every stage of
  the production process for biofuel gt Farming
• Pre-processing
• Feedstock transport
• Conversion
• End fuel transport
• It generates a report on the GHG emissions which
  is then compared to emissions from production and
  use of diesel
•  

8
Farm Audits- allowing GHG emissions for
biodiesel feedstock to be calculated at farm level

• developed, as a possible bolt-on to the Assured
  Combinable Crops Scheme (ACCS) audits

• Audit questions on
• Cultivations
• Soil type
• Fertiliser usage
• Pesticide usage
• Grain nitrogen
• Grain drying

Source HGCA
9
HGCA Greenhouse Gas calculator- developed for
rapeseed to biodiesel and wheat to ethanol
http//www.hgca.com/biofuelcalc/

• Inputs
• Fertiliser
• Seeds
• Pesticides
• Fuels
• Straw
• Crop Yield

Defaults are a combination of farm audit,
historical and IPCC data
Source HGCA
10
HGCA Greenhouse Gas calculator- transport and
preprocessing

• Diesel fuel consumed transporting rapeseed to
  plant

Source HGCA
11
HGCA Greenhouse Gas calculator- processing
Oil Extraction
Energy for Processing
End Fuel Transport
12
HGCA Greenhouse Gas calculator- summarising GHG
emissions
Nitrogen inputs account for over 90 of on-farm
GHG emissions, of which 60 is due to nitrous
oxide (N2O)
On-farm fuel, pesticide and seed supply based
emissions account for about 20 of farm GHG
emissions
Source HGCA
13
HGCA Greenhouse Gas calculator- comparing GHG
emissions
Lower GHG emissions of between 18 - 39 have been
calculated for the production of biodiesel when
compared to fossil fuel-derived diesel
Source HGCA
14
Carbon and energy saving - benefits of biodiesel
versus conventional diesel
57
66
94
97
Source NE Associates 2007
15
Future development?- ongoing improvement of GHG
calculator

• Specific research needed in the following areas
• Farm audits
• Greater use of / development of N20 fertiliser
  abatement technology in the manufacture of N
  fertiliser
• Indirect land use change
• Co-product allocation
• Crop Breeding

16
Thank You Heike.Hintze_at_hgca.com 00 44 20 7520 3957