Subjunctive Cum Clauses

1
Subjunctive Cum Clauses

• Causal, Circumstantial, Concessive

2
Cum as a Subordinating Conjunction

• Usually, cum is used in Latin as a preposition
  meaning with, which takes an object in the
  ablative case.
• However, cum can also be used as a subordinating
  conjunction beginning a dependent clause, with a
  variety of meanings.

3
Cum with the Indicative

• When a subordinate clause beginning with cum has
  a verb in the indicative mood, cum is translated
  as when.
• This is known as a temporal clause, because it
  refers simply to the time at which an event
  occurs. (tempus, temporis n. means time)
• The subordinating conjunction ubi performs the
  same function.

4
Exempla

• Cum sol occidit, dormiebam.
• Cum ad litus advenerunt, viderunt Didonem.
• Cum Quintus et Horatia a ludo domum redeunt,
  omnes quiescunt.

5
Cum Circumstantial

• When cum starts a subordinate clause with a verb
  in the subjunctive mood, it can still be
  translated as when, but it shows a stronger
  relationship than mere time.
• These clauses are called cum circumstantial
  clauses, because they tell the circumstances in
  which an event occurs.

6
Exempla

• Cum haec audirem, tristis factus sum.
• Cum servitute liberatus esset, Hercules domum
  rediit.

7
Cum Causal

• When cum starts a subordinate clause with a verb
  in the subjunctive mood, it can also be
  translated as since or because.
• Such clauses are called cum causal clauses,
  because they show a causal relationship between
  the subordinate clause and the main clause.
• The line between cum causal and cum
  circumstantial clauses is not a clear one.

8
Exempla

• Cum Herculem magnopere timeret, eum dimisit.
• Cum boves caudis in antrum traherentur, putavit
  Herculem hos non inventurum esse.

9
Cum Concessive

• When cum starts a subordinate clause with a verb
  in the subjunctive mood, it can also be
  translated although.
• Such clauses are called concessive because when
  someone says although in a sentence, he is
  conceding a point.

10
Exempla

• Cum boves amissos undique quaereret, eos tamen
  nusquam reperire poterat.
• Cum Hercules intellgeret periculum magnum esse,
  tamen negotium suscepit.