CELLULAR%20RESPIRATION

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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Mitochondria

• Organelle where cellular respiration takes place
• Most of the cells ATP is made here

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Cellular Respiration

• Process by which glucose is broken down to
  produce energy (ATP)
• The cellular respiration reaction is
• energy
• C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O 6CO2
• There are two types of cellular respiration
• Aerobic
• Anaerobic

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Aerobic Respiration

• There are 3 steps in aerobic respiration
• Glycolysis
• Krebs cycle
• Electron transport

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Glycolysis

• Glucose is broken down to produce 2 molecules
  each of pyruvic acid (a.k.a. pyruvate) and the
  energy carriers ATP and NADH
• These reactions occur in the cytoplasm

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Krebs Cycle

• The pyruvic acid made during glycolysis is
  converted into acetyl CoA before it can enter the
  Krebs Cycle
• The acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and is
  converted into CO2 (a waste product), ATP, NADH,
  and FADH2
• The NADH and FADH2 can now enter the electron
  transport chain
• These reactions take place in the mitochondria

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Electron Transport Chain

• NADH and FADH2 are put through the chain so that
  their energy can be used to convert ADP into ATP
• These reactions require oxygen, which accepts the
  H ions to form water
• Occurs in the mitochondria

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ATP is made during all 3 parts of aerobic
respiration
The entire process of aerobic respiration
produces 36 ATP molecules
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Anaerobic Respiration

• The extraction of energy from food for ATP
  production in the absence of oxygen
• This is also known as fermentation
• The process begins with glycolysis to produce
  pyruvic acid
• There are 2 types
• Alcoholic fermentation
• Lactic acid fermentation

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• pyruvic acid NADH? CO2 ethanol NAD
• This reaction occurs mainly in yeast cells
• Used to make bread as well as alcoholic beverages

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• pyruvic acid NADH? lactic acid NAD
• This reaction occurs in muscle cells and it is
  the build up of lactic acid that causes pain in
  the muscle during strenuous exercise

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Excess Glucose

• If the glucose that is taken in through food is
  not used, it will be stored
• Animal cells store it as glycogen or fat

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Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

• Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are
  opposing processes their chemical equations are
  said to be opposites
• energy (from the sun)
• 6H2O 6CO2 C6H12O6 6O2
• 
  energy (ATP)
• C6H12O6 6O2 6H2O 6CO2
• Cellular respiration occurs in all eukaryotic
  cells, but photosynthesis only takes place in
  plants, algae, and some bacteria