CE 453

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CE 453 Horizontal / vertical reference systems
and mapping

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How Long was the route you designed?

• Were the coordinates based on the
• International foot? ( 1m 3.2808399 ft)
• (1 ft 0.3048 m)
• or the
• Surveyors foot (1 m 3.2808333 ft)
• (1m 39.37)

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What difference would that make?

• Effect over 20 miles
• 0.21 feet (check it out)
• Effect across the State of Iowa
• 3.2 feet

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How long was the route you designed?

• Were the distances measured along
• horizontal planes,
• spheroidal surfaces,
• geodetic surfaces, or
• Ellipsoidal surfaces?

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How high was the route you designed?

Were elevations from datums established in 1927
or in 1988?
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U.S. Reference datums - horizontalfor State
Plane coordinate conversions

• NAD27 Clark ellipsoid of 1866 (ft)
• NAD83 1980 GRS ellipsoid (metric)
• Later systems/sources include
• World Geodetic System(1984)
• High Accuracy Reference System(HARN)
• International Terrestial Reference Frame
• Continuously Operating Reference Stations

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Computing State Plane coordinatesLambert
projection

• 10 Equations to determine zone constants -
• Basic components
• Ellipsoid major axis
• Eccentricity
• Grid origin (Latitude and longitude of the zone)
• Spot coordinates (latitude and longitude)
• False northing and easting of zone

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Mapping and data reference systems
The following sequence of slides is intended to
introduce various data reference
systems. Several slides were obtained form a
presentation from David Doyle, National
Geodetic Survey

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