India-Pakistan and the Conflict over Kashmir

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India-Pakistan and the Conflict over Kashmir
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The Problem
Both India and Pakistan wish to control
Kashmir WHY?
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Why do both India and Pakistan believe control of
Kashmir is so important?
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• People of Kashmir still mostly tribunal
• Geography is mostly ruralfierce mountains,
  deserts, and valleys.
• Industry is undeveloped
• Natural resources undevelopedno significant oil,
  gold, silver discoveredyet.

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Why the Fuss?
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• WATER
• Headwaters of the Indus River located in Kashmir
• Indus begins in Kashmir, flows through Pakistan
  and then into India.
• Kashmir is part of India and they could divert
  water and dry out Pakistan.

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Religious Sites.

• Pakistan primarily Muslim
• India primarily Hindu80 of people in Kashmir
  primarily Muslim
• Sikhs (about 10 of the people in Kashmir) want
  to remain in India.

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Strategic Location

• For India, Kashmir acts as a buffer
• For Pakistan, Kashmir offers a fertile roadway
  into India for possible invasion

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Who Controls Kashmir?

• Kashmir Ruler placed Kashmir under Indias
  control in exchange for protection from Pakistani
  invasion (60 years ago)
• NO vote was held

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Kashmir people have never recognized Indias
control over the regionEnjoy benefits from
being part of Indiaexcellent education,
television, computer access.
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What has happened?

• India and Pakistan have fought three wars
• India won all three with help of militant Sikhs
• Kashmir people would like help of US and UN, but
  they have not become involvedWHY?

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• The US wants to be friends with both Pakistan and
  India
• PAKISTAN
• Treaty with Pakistan saying we will come to their
  aid if they go to war with others and we will
  honor that.
• Location Pakistan borders Afghanistan and it is
  important in our war with terrorism

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• INDIA
• Large trading partner
• Mostly, India is a friend to the US
• US tries not to get involved and take sides.

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• First War
• cease-fire was declared
• Line of Control (LOC) was drawn separating the
  two sides.
• two thirds of Kashmir under Indian control (Jammu
  with 9 million people)
• one-third under Pakistani control called Azad or
  Free Kashmir.

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Who is Right?
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