GLOBAL HISTORY 9

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GLOBAL HISTORY 9

• REVIEW PART I

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STUDYING THE PAST

• ARCHAEOLOGY study of how early people live,
  study artifacts
• HISTORY study of how people in the past lived,
  studies written artifacts more
• GEOGRAPHY - study of earth and its people,
  resources, movement of goods, ideas

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FIRST PEOPLE

• PALEOLITHIC Old Stone Age, people learned
  skills to survive, made tools, simple art,
  religious beliefs
• NEOLITHIC New Stone Age or Agricultural
  Revolution, people learn to farm and domesticate
  animals, status of women declines
• NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION LEADS TO

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BIRTH OF CIVILIZATION

• Organized government
• Complex religions
• Different jobs
• Social classes
• Art and architecture
• Cities
• Roads, bridges, public works projects
• Writing

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CULTURAL DIFFUSION

• Sharing of ideas technology, results from war,
  travel, trade

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RIVER VALLEYS

• Birth of civilization
• 1st cities and civs. found in river valleys in
  Middle East, Africa, Asia

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FIRST CIVILIZATIONSMiddle East

• Egypt Nile R. flooded providing rich soil,
  ruled by pharoahs, built pyramids, hieroglyphics
• Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia, Tigris
  Euphrates River
• Sumerians 1st to write with cuneiform, 1st
  wheeled vehicles, Babylonians (Hammurabis Code)
  Hebrews (monotheism)

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Fertile Crescent
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ASIA

• India monsoons and r. valleys (Indus Ganges)
  watered crops, Aryan invasion, caste system,
  rigid class system, reincarnation, Hinduism,
  Gupta Golden Age (advancements in math, medicine,
  art)
• China r. valley (Huang He) isolated by
  Himalayas, Gobi desert, dynastic cycle, Mandate
  of Heaven

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CLASSICAL CIVS. IN EUROPE

• Greece- Athens Sparta, Golden Age under
  Pericles (democracy, philosophy, theater,
  architecture) conquered by Alexander the Great,
  spread Hellenistic culture
• Rome set up republic ruled by the people, later
  expand to large empire, Pax Romana achievements
  in law, justice, roads, architecture, Latin lang.

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RELIGIONS

• See other note sheet!

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EARLY MIDDLE AGES

• FEUDALISM AND THE MANOR system of loyalty based
  and land ownership between lords, knights etc.
• Manor self-sufficient, worked by serfs, protected
  by knights in interdependent relationship

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MEDIEVAL CHURCH

• Catholic Church very powerful, with
  social/political/econ. functions

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LATE MIDDLE AGES

• GROWTH OF TOWNS Agric. Rev ? guilds ? middle
  class
• BLACK PLAGUE Black Death

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RISE OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND

• FRANCE 100 Yrs. War, Joan of Arc, Estates
  General
• ENGLAND Parliament, William the Conqueror,
  Magna Carta

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CRUSADES

• Holy Wars between Christians and Seljuk Turks
  over Holy Land (Jerusalem)
• Europeans fail to win Holy Land, but trade and
  interest in other cultures increases

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BYZANTINE EMPIRE

• Justinians Code, 2nd Roman Emp, lasts until 1453
  when conquered by Ottoman Emp.
• Sulieman the Magnificent-Ottoman leader, 1520-1566

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RUSSIA / EASTERN EUROPE

• RUSSIA influenced by Byzantine Empire (Orthodox
  Christ. art, arch, etc.), absolute rule and czars
• E. EUROPE diverse geography
• leads to cultural diversity

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MUSLIM WORLD

• Islam 622, Arab armies rapidly spread religion
• Golden Age 750 art, lit. medicine, science,
  math

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MUSLIMS IN INDIA

• Mughal Empire - descendants of Mongols, bring
  Muslim learning, Islam meets Hinduism
• Akbar the Great built strong central govt
  1556-1605, Muslim but tolerant of Hindus

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EARLY CIVS. OF AFRICA

• Ghana, Mali, Songhai, gold and salt trade, Mansa
  Musa of Mali goes on Hajj to Mecca

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GOLDEN AGES OF CHINATANG AND SONG

• Paper-making, porcelain, art and arch. Silk Road

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MONGOL AND MING EMPIRES

• MONGOLS fierce conquerors from central Asia,
  conquered from China to E. Europe, Genghis Khan,
  Kublai Khan
• MING ended Mongol
• rule in China

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KOREA

• Peninsula in E. Asia
• Bridge of ideas between China and Japan

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JAPAN

• Archipelago, irregular coastline
• Influenced by China, feudal period similar to
  medieval Europe
• Emperor
• Shogun
• Daimyo
• Samurai (bushido)
• Peasants and artisans
• Merchants