Chapter 13

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Chapter 13 Jacksonian Era The Era of the
Common Man

• Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the
  guardians of the US Constitution, political
  democracy, individual liberty, and equality of
  economic opportunity. Use your knowledge of the
  1820s and 1830s to explain the extent to which
  you agree with the Jacksonians view of
  themselves.

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The Election of 1824 The Corrupt Bargain

• JQ Adams (MS) Secretary of State under Monroe
• Henry Clay (KY) Speaker of the House
• William H Crawford (GA) Secretary of Treasury
  (had a stroke, out)
• A. Jackson (TN)

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The Corrupt Bargain

• House of Representatives Choose between top
  three candidates, run by Henry Clay Speaker.
  Clay hated Jackson, but held commonalities with
  JQ Adams
• American System
• Nationalists
• Corrupt Bargain Clay threw support behind JQ
  Adams, in return he would be made Sec. of State
  (next step Prez)

Discussion Question Why was John Quincy Adams
called, the Minority President?
Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but not the
electoral college
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Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams

• Senate voted against Embargo of 1807
• Secretary of State
• Treaty of Ghent
• Adams-Onis Treaty
• Monroe Doctrine

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Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams

• President 6 1825-29
• House of Representatives 8 terms
• Defense attorney in Amistad Slave Revolt Case
  1841
• Had gag rule repealed

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Beliefs of John Quincy Adams

• Second Bank of US
• Opposed annexation of Texas (anti-slavery)
• Nationalist (American System public University,
  weather stations)
• Sympathized with Indians

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The Election of 1828 Adams v Jackson
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Old Hickory as President

• Spoils System Turn the rascals out, put our
  rascals in.
• Effects How did the Spoils System help to
  develop the new 2-party system?
• Tariff of 1828 Passed under Adams and inherited
  by Jackson. A protective tariff for business
• What problem did the Old South have with the
  tariff?

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The Nullies v Jackson

• John C Calhoun (VP Under Adams and Jackson) wrote
  South Carolina Exposition (1828)
• Concurrent Majority a federal law that is
  harmful to states can be declared null and void
  via a convention of the people.
• Jacksons Response Threatened military force
  and Force Bill

What steps were taken to avoid a military
conflict?
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The Hydra of Corruption The Bank Wars

• Nicholas Biddle President of Bank of US
• Functions print stable currency, keep federal
  money, control gold and silver, source of credit
• 1832 Clay and Webster wanted to use the renewal
  of the charter to embarrass the President if he
  passed the charter he would anger his followers,
  if he vetoed it the wealthy would be upset.
• How did the veto increase the power of President?

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The Moneyed Monster The Bank War

• 1833 Jackson removed most Federal money from Bank
  of US
• Effect Panic of 1837 What did Biddle have to
  do?
• Pet Banks
• Specie Circular US Treasury required all new
  land purchased be secured with gold or silver.

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Jackson The Victor in the Bank War
Democratic cartoon from 1833 showing Jackson
destroying the bank, to the approval of the Uncle
Sam like figure to the right, and annoyance of
the bank's President, shown as the Devil himself.
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Hydra of Corruption
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Jackson and The Native Americans

• 1828 The Cherokee Tribes of Georgia wrote and
  adopted a constitution with 3 branch government.
• Georgia declared the Cherokee Assembly illegal
  (SC ruled in favor of Indians)
• Cherokee Nation v Georgia
• Worcester v Georgia
• Jacksons Response
• John Marshall had made his decision, now let him
  enforce it.

How does this quote from Jackson show his
increasing strength as President?
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Indian Removal Act of 1830

• 100,000 Indians moved from east of Mississippi
• 1832 Black Hawk War
• 1835-42 Osceola and Florida Seminoles
• 1838-39 Trail of Tears 15,000 Cherokees, 116
  days 4,000 deaths

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The Trail of Tears
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Jacksonians on States Rights

• Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)
• States, not federal government, had power to
  enter into contracts regarding infrastructure,
  transportation.
• Maysville Road Veto - I am not able to view the
  Maysville Road Bill in any other light than as a
  measure of purely local character.... It has no
  connection with any established system of
  improvements and is exclusively within the
  limits of a State Kentucky....

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The Era of the Common Man

• Social mixture
• Universal Male Suffrage
• Popular Campaigning
• Increased Power of President (through veto)
• Kitchen Cabinet
• Roger Taney in Supreme Court