Unit IV Part 6

1
Unit IVPart 6

• Andrew Jackson
• The and the Second BUS
• The Whigs

2
Remember

• Jackson hated Banks
• He distrusted paper money
• He opposed the Second BUS because it put power
  into the hands of his enemies
• The Second BUS was not popular with farmers
• Ruthless foreclosures
• Jackson was elected in 1832
• The BUS charter was up for renewal in 1836
• Who would be President in 1836?

3
Friends of the BUS

• Were worried that even if congress passed a BUS
  renewal, Jackson would veto it
• Nicholas Biddle was President of the Second
  BUShe ran it very well
• Biddle was worried too

4
Daniel Webster had a plan

• To save the Second BUS
• He told Biddle to apply EARLY for a recharter
• He believed that Jackson would not dare to veto a
  bank bill before the election of 1832
• Belief that if Jackson DID veto the BUS
  recharter, he would LOSE the election
  

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Biddle asked for an early re-charter

• Congress passed the Second BUS recharter bill
• Jackson vetoed it
• NOTE the Second BUS would still operate until
  1836
• Biddle made lots of low-interest loans to those
  opposed to Jackson during the election

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BUT THEN

• Jackson was re-elected!
• Still two factions of one party
• Democratic Republicans
• Jackson (VP Van Buren) (219)
• National Republicans
• Henry Clay (49) first to have a
  national platform
• Anti-Masonics (Third Party)
• Wirt (0) first to have a National
  Convention

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Jackson

• Believed his election was a sign from the people
  that they wanted him to destroy the Bank even
  before the charter ran out
• So he asked his Secretary of the Treasury to
  remove all of the federal from the Bankhe
  refused and was fired
• The next Sec. of the Treasurythe same
• They both believed it would be really bad for the
  economy

8
Roger Taney (Attorney General)

• Was made the new Sec. of the Treasury
• HE removed the federal from the Second BUS
• The was re-deposited into several PET banks
  owned by Jackson lovers
• Was this more democratic?
• Yesbefore the government could only be used by
  one bank, nowmany

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The Federal Money

• Was used by more banks more economic
  opportunities for more people

10
Marshall died! 1834

• Jackson named Taney as new Supreme Court Chief
  Justice (a reward?)
• In the meantimeNicholas Biddle was forced to
  call in loans early to keep the bank afloat
• More farmers lost land
• Businesses failed, factories closed, lost jobs
• Depression for several years

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The Specie Circular 1836

• A Jackson idea passed by congress
• Required buyers to buy land with specie!
• Made economy even worse
• Contributed to the Panic of 1837
• Panic will be blamed on Van Buren because he will
  be the president to inherit it

12
Taneys Court

• Modified some of Marshalls decisions
• Charles River Bridge v Warren Bridge 1837 Taney
  said that a state MAY amend a contract if it
  would benefit that states citizens

13
The Rise of the Whigs

• Jackson made many enemies due to his actions
  during the Nullification Crisis and his war with
  the Second BUS
• During his second term, the Whig Party was formed
• It was a combination of National Republicans and
  Jackson Haters (who did not necessarily agree
  with the ideology of the National Republicans)

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The Whigs

• Founders Daniel Webster and Henry Clay
• Platform Clays American System
• Ideology Stood for the same issues as the
  Federalist Party High Tariff, Strong Central
  Government, a BUS
• Remember Webster was the last spokesman for the
  Federalist Party at the Hartford Convention

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Election of 1836

• Democrats (Old Democratic-Republican Party)
• Van Buren (NY) (170)
• VP Johnson (killed Tecumseh)
• Three Whig Candidates
• W.H. Harrison (73)
• Hugh White (26)
• Daniel Webster (14)
• Independent Magnum (11)

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Van Buren

• Will only serve one term because the economy was
  so bad and it was all blamed on him
• Although Jackson was at fault his war with the
  Second BUS and the Specie Circular
• BUT Jackson was still President until March of
  1837

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African Americans

• Free in the North but second class citizens
• Often could not vote in Northern States
• 1831 Nat Turners Rebellion White family
  killed while slaves attempted to escape
• Great fear by Southerners
• Abolitionist societies disappeared in the South

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The Gag Rule

• The slavery issue was such a hot topic that if it
  was introduced in Congress, no work was doneonly
  fighting over slavery
• SOmembers of the House were subject to the Gag
  RuleMembers were not supposed to bring up the
  topic of slavery so other work could get done

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The Gag Rule

• John Quincy Adams (was elected to the House after
  his presidency) tried to break the Gag Rule over
  300 times
• He continually tried to introduce petition to end
  slavery.

20
Native Americans

• Since Jefferson, the U.S. policy was removal to
  east of the Mississippi
• Jacksons Trail of Tears
• 1832 Black Hawk War in the Northwest
• 1837-42 Seminole War in Florida

21
Foreign Affairs

• The English finally opened up West Indies trade
  to the U.S.
• The French paid us compensation for ships and
  cargo seized prior to the War of 1812 with the
  Convention of 1831
• NowMexico

22
Mexico

• Had gained its independence from Spain in early
  1820s
• Big U.S. migration to Mexico due the the
  Empressario System (like the Headright system
  free land to settlers)
• Stephen Austin one of the first

23
Great Migration

• By 1830 there were 20,000 Americans in Mexico
• BUT they were not happy
• Did not like to pay a tariff on U.S. goods
• Did not have self-government
• 1829 Mexico outlawed slavery

24
Mexico

• Americans in Texas area formed a provisional
  government
• Santa Ana (Mexican dictator) Led the Mexican army
  against the Americans
• Americans in Texas (Mexico) declared their
  independence in 1836

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The War for Texas Independence

• 1836 Battle of the Alamo (big win for Mexico)
• 1836 Battle of the Goliad (big win for Mexico)
• 1836 Battle of San Jacinto (Americans won their
  independence by capturing Santa Ana)
• Sam Houston President of the Texas Republic
  asked for U.S. annexation

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Texas

• Jackson would not consider annexing Texas
• Did not want to risk war with Mexico
• Did not want to upset the Senate balance of free
  and slave statesTexas would enter as a slave
  state.
• Will be annexed by Tyler after election of Polk
  in 1844