Political Events Contribute to Sectionalism

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Political Events Contribute to Sectionalism
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Sectionalism

• The act of placing the interests of one region
  over the good of the country

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Nationalism

• The belief that national interests should be
  placed ahead of regional concerns or concerns of
  other countries

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Monroe Doctrine

• President James Monroes policy to protect
  American interests (written by John Quincy Adams)
• Stated that European powers should stay out of
  affairs in the Western Hemisphere (Latin America,
  Alaska)
• U.S. would stay out of European affairs

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James Monroe

• Presidency known as The Era of Good Feelings
  because of its perceived tranquility

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The American System

• Developed by Henry Clay in order to unite the
  nations economy
• Hoped to become less reliant on foreign countries

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The American System

• Build roads and canals to help transporting of
  goods across the country
• Raise Tariffs
• Create a Second Bank of the U.S.

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Second National Bank

• Each state printed own currency
• Made trade difficult
• Second National Bank created in order to
  stabilize currency and hold government funds

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Tariff of 1816 1828

• This tariff taxed all European goods
• It made European goods more expensive and people
  more willing to buy American goods

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Tariff of Abomination

• Name given to the 1816 tariff by John C. Calhoun

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South Carolina Exposition and Protest

• John C. Calhoun argued the idea of nullification
• Calhoun felt that if the federal government
  refused to permit nullification, then that state
  had a right to withdraw (secede)from the union

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Gibbons v. Ogden

• Decision that ensured the federal government had
  the power to regulate almost everything that
  crossed state lines

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Election of 1824

• Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams has to go to
  the House of Representatives to see who will be
  President
• Henry Clay uses his influence to give Adams the
  victory

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Election of 1824

• Adams appoints Clay to be Secretary of State
• Jackson supporters denounce move as a corrupt
  bargain
• Felt Adams promised Clay a position if he was
  elected

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Andrew Jackson

• In 1828, Jackson easily defeated John Quincy
  Adams
• As President, Jackson invoked the spoils system
  and replaced many of Adams appointees with
  friends and supporters of Jackson

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Andrew Jackson

• Land ownership requirements are dropped for
  voting
• All white males eligible to vote
• Known as the Era of the Common Man

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South Carolina Rebels

• 1832, the South Carolina legislature became
  furious over another tariff bill
• South Carolina declared the 1828 and 1832 tariff
  bills null and void and threatened to secede from
  the union

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South Carolina Rebels

• Andrew Jackson became furious and threatened to
  send the military into South Carolina to enforce
  the tariff
• Henry Clay stepped in and introduced a bill that
  would gradually lower tariffs over the next ten
  years

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Webster-Hayn Debate

• Debate over states rights versus the sovereign
  power of the federal government

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McCulloch v. Maryland

• U.S. government had a right to charter the
  national bank
• Strengthened government control of the economy
• Exercised the necessary and proper clause in
  the Constitution

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Andrew Jackson versus the National Bank

• Jackson continued his fight against the Bank of
  the United States (BUS) after his 1832
  re-election
• Jackson argued the BUS helped only the privileged

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Andrew Jackson versus the National Bank

• Jackson countered the BUS by placing funds into
  select banks called Pet Banks
• Pet Banks were ran by loyalists to the Democratic
  Party and made loans easier to attain by common
  people

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Panic of 1837

• Pet banks gave too many loans and there was not
  enough gold to cover them
• This caused a depression
• Many banks closed and many lost all of their money

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The Whig Party

• Formed out of opposition to Andrew Jackson
• They felt Jackson acted more like a king than a
  president

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Election of 1840

• Nominate William Henry Harrison for president in
  1840
• He died less than one month after taking office