Jump Start!

1
Jump Start!

• Discuss the Monroe Doctrine.
• What did it say?
• Why did the US believe it was necessary?
• Discuss the Missouri Compromise.
• What was the issue involved?
• Why was it important - what effect did it have
  on the United States?

2
Age of Jackson
Indian Removal Nullification Bank of the United
States
3
Two Faced Policy

• Since Jefferson, US Presidents had two Indian
  policies
• Assimilation Change and fit in
  Removal Move to preserve culture
• Inconsistently applied from 1801 1831, after
  which the US made full efforts to resettle the
  tribes.

4
Large Native Population

• 60,000 Native Americans occupied Georgia,
  Alabama, Mississippi
• Five Tribes Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek
  and Seminoles in SE United States
• Occupied millions of acres
• 94 treaties existed allowing them to live there,
  Jackson helped negotiate 9.

5
Cherokee Adapt - Assimilate

• 1820s Sequoyah Leads Cherokee
• Develops Alphabet
• Single family farming (Jefferson)
• Opened schools, churches, roads
• Constitution

6
Government Policy Changes

• Pres. Monroe began the real push to evict
• in 1825 resettlement plan sent to Congress.
• Discovery of gold in GA may have changed
  everything
• State abolishes Cherokee tribal rule wont
  recognize their sovereignty.

7
Cherokee Challenge

• Two law suits
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia - 1831 Worcester
  v. Georgia 1832
• Result Supreme Court rules for Cherokee
• States cannot invalidate treaties w/Federal
  Government. Georgia must help keep white
  settlers off Indian
  land.

8
Jackson Favors Removal

• Moves from balanced approach to complete removal.
• Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce
  it.
• Allows state militia to force Indians off land

9
Trail of Tears
10
7 Years of Migration

• 1831 Choctaw were first
• 1836 Creek were removed
• 1838 Last of the Cherokee leave

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States Rights Nullification

• All about tariffs (again!)
• As America rebuilds manufacturing capacity
  Britain flood US w/cheap goods hurts American
  manufacturing.
• Government raises tariffs twice to protect
  business.
• South says ENOUGH! tariffs hurt British sales
  so they buy less cotton, hurting southern
  exports.
• John C. Calhoun Tariff of Abominations -1828
  Says tariffs make So dependent on No
  making it rich

13
Nullification Theory

• Calhoun bases theory on VA KY Resolutions
  that unconstitutional laws can be nullified by
  states.
• States had the right to nullify cancel laws
  damaging to sovereign states and SC refuses to
  collect tariffs, threaten secession.
• Webster/Hayne debateGovernment of people or of
  states.
• President Jackson Calhoun make conflicting
  toasts in public sets up the two as enemies
  over the issue.
• Jackson cites SC treasonous Passes FORCE BILL
  threatens to hang Calhoun SC backs down and
  pays tariffs.

14
Bank of the United States

• Jacksons distrust of banks leads him to kill its
  charter, when Webster Clay try to renew early
• IF it became a campaign issue gain public
  support harder for Jackson to kill it.
• Jackson says BUS exists for wealthy and targets
  Nicholas Biddle (better rates to Congressmen) as
  the culprit.
• Re-directs countrys accounts to regional Pet
  Banks kills the BUS New York becomes
  financial capital.

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Effects of Age of Jackson

• Presidency strengthened under Jackson
• Democrats split off to form Whig Party
• (believers in the American System)
• Jacksons successors Van Buren deal with
  financial problems due to no centrally controlled
  bank.
• Panic of 1837 banks fail printed more
  money than
• they had gold and silver to back up.
• Whig presidencies William H. Harrison and John
  Tyler