Diversity of Organisms and Classification

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Diversity of Organisms and Classification
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Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Species

• The smallest group of organisms classified which
  can interbreed with each other to produce fertile
  offspring

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Five Kingdom System

• Bacteria
• Protists
• Fungi
• Animals
• Plants

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Bacteria Kingdom

• Unicellular, microscopic
• No nucleus
• Prokaryotic
• No chlorophyll
• Saprophytic or parasitic

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Protist kingdom

• Unicellular microscopic
• Nucleus present
• Eukaryotic
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic

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Fungus kingdom

• Eukaryotic
• Made up of hyphae
• No root, stem and leaf
• No chlorophyll
• Saprophytic or parasitic
• Reproduce by forming spores

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Animal Kingdom

• Eukaryotic
• Divided into two groups according to the presence
  or absence of backbone
• Invertebrates without backbone
• Vertebrates with backbone

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Invertebrate
Coelenterates

• 2 layers of cells
• Have tentacles with
• sting cells
• One opening

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Flatworm

• Long and flattened body
• Free living or parasitic

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Ringed worms

• Long and segmented body
• Have chaetae for locomotion

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Roundwoms
Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them
are parasites
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Molluscs

• Soft and unsegmented body
• Covered by a hard shell

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Echinoderms

• Marine animals with 5-radial plan body
• Have external spines

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Arthropods

• Segmented body
• Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs
• of jointed legs
• Divided into 4 classes
• Crustaceans
• Arachnids
• Myriapods
• Insects

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Crustaceans
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Arachnids
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Myriapods
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Insects
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Vertebrates

• Divided into 5 groups
• Fish
• Amphibians
• Reptiles
• Birds
• Mammals

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Fish

• Aquatic
• Cold-blooded
• Body covered with wet and slimy scales
• Streamline body for easy movement through water
• Fins for balance and to control movement
• Gills for breathing
• External fertilization

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Amphibians

• Cold-blooded
• Moist, scaleless skin
• Limbs present
• tetrapods
• Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing adults
  use lungs
• External fertilization

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Reptiles

• Cold-blooded
• Body covered with dry, hard scales
• Live on land
• Breathe with lungs
• Internal fertilization lay shelled eggs

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Birds

• Warm-blooded
• With feathers and wings
• Beak for feeding
• Lungs for breathing
• Internal fertilization lay shelled eggs

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Mammals

• Warm-blooded
• Hairs on skin
• Females have mammary glands for producing milk
• Lungs for breathing
• Diaphragm present
• Internal fertilization embryos develop inside
  mothers bodies

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Plant Kingdom

• Eukaryotic
• Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments
  (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
• Autotrophic
• Can be divided into two groups
• Non-flowering plants
• Flowering plants

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Non-flowering plants

• 4 groups
• Algae
• Mosses
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms

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Algae

• Aquatic
• May be unicellular or multicellular
• No root, stem or leaf
• Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g.
  chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

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Mosses

• With simple leaves and stems
• No root with rhizoids for anchorage and
  absorption of water
• Reproduce by spores
• No vascular tissues
• Found in damp area

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Ferns

• With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular
  tissues
• Reproduce by spores
• Live in damp places

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Gymnosperms

• Reproduction by producing seeds
• Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits
• ? naked seeds
• Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

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Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

• With flowers for reproduction
• Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured
  ovary)

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Two groups of flowering plants
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
Cotyledons
Two
One
Leaf venation
Netted
Parallel
Root system
Tap root system
Fibrous root system