Day 8

1

• Enduring Understandings
• International conflict often leads to domestic
  changes.  
• Globalization leads economic declines to become
  less a national problem and more global in scope
  and helps to fuel worldwide tensions
• In times of crisis, people often turn to strong
  leaders in search of stability.
• 5. Conflicts of the 20th Century were rooted in
  political and ideological differences around the
  world.
• 6. The collision of social unrest and new
  political ideas can lead to revolution.
• 7. Nationalism and propaganda play a role in
  mobilizing civilian populations in support of
  their nations goals

Day 8 Instability and a Great Depression lead
to the rise of Fascism

• Essential Questions from Unit 5 RS
• How did Germany and Italy address their economic
  problems?
• How were the fascists in Italy and Germany
  similar and different from the communists? From
  each other?
• How and why were fascists able to come to power
  in Germany and Italy?
• How did fascists use scapegoats to gain and
  maintain their power?

• Agenda
• Using your notes from yesterday about the Great
  Depression, identify 2 ways the Great economic
  depression was addressed in the 1920s and 1930s.
• Take 90 seconds to review your level 1 activities
  for the Global Depression any questions?
• Open the guided reading for Rise of Fascism from
  BB or packet page 24. Take notes from todays
  lecture using the organizer as a framework.
• Explain how todays content supports each of the
  above todays EUs
• Work on Level 1 and 2 activities.

2
Post-WWI

• After WWI, Europe faced several economic
  problems inflation, worldwide depression,
  instability of new democracies
• These mounting problems lead people to turn to
  totalitarian leaders who promised reform and
  national glory

3
Rise of Fascism

• A political movement that stressed extreme
  loyalty to the state and its leader
• Fascist leaders promised to revive the economy
  and restore national pride
• Enduring Understanding?

4
Rise of Fascism

• Basic Features of Fascism-
• Extreme Nationalism
• Glorify Action, obedience, discipline
• Loyalty to State Unquestioned
• Loyalty to single dictator
• Strict class structure
• Anti-Democratic (greed/corruption)
• Aggressive Expansion
• Censorship
• Control of private Economy leading to wealth for
  industry
• Use of Legalized Terror

In what ways is Fascism similar to Stalinist
Communism? In what ways is it different?
5
Rise of Fascism

• Economic Policy-
• Preserved Capitalism, but with Government
  direction of Business, Labor, Agriculture, Trade
  and Culture for the purpose of promoting and
  achieving national glory.
• (and as an added benefit, enriched those who
  owned the enterprises and were attached to the
  ruling party essentially party-sponsored
  corruption.)
• Social Policies-
• Absolute Obedience to State
• Women, pushed from jobs- place is in the home
  having babies
• Patriotism- Extreme Nationalism
• Strict Discipline
• Fascist Youth- teach the values of a fascist
  society indoctrination

6
Rise of Fascism connecting to earlier content
WWI, Marxism-Leninism and the Great Depression

• The Economic Despair of Post WWI Europe and the
  rise of Communism in Russia enabled Fascist
  leaders like Mussolini and Hitler to rise to
  power. Why?
• Both the German People and the Italian people
  blamed the Treaty of Versailles for their
  problems. Why?

7
Benito Mussolini
1. Benito Mussolini becomes popular
Rise of Fascism

• Why? (to 206)
• disappointment over the 1919 Paris Peace
  Conference ( did not get territorial gains),
• High inflation
• high unemployment
• Social unrest due to economic crisis
• Mussolini promised economic reform and military
  power a return to the greatness of Rome
• Mussolini was a fiery speaker.
• He created the Fasci Combattimento Party calling
  upon discontented veterans and youths to support
  his objectives.
• Promised order to combat the social unrest

8
Rise of Fascism

• Benito Mussolini- becomes popular
• Consequences?
• Felt free to criticize the government of King
  Victor Emmanuelle
• Wanted to gain the support of the moneyed
  classes, industrialists and large landowners so
  he looked for scapegoats
• blamed economic problems on unions, socialists
  and communists
• Created a terror organization The Black Shirts
  who led attacks on unions, socialists and other
  elements of society that threatened his rise to
  power and benefitted his supporters.
• The Black Shirts helped to create more social
  unrest and instability

9
Rise of Fascism -

• Why?
• Benito Mussolini appealed to much of Italy
• Focused on national pride- restoring the glory of
  the Roman empire.
• Promised to restore order (it was his own Black
  Shirts his thuggish followers who rioted and
  marched on Rome threatening order)
• Had support of economic elites
• Seemed to be the Kings best hope for
  perpetuating the dynasty
• 2. In October of 1922, Mussolini was appointed
  Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel III.
• Consequences?
• He became (from 206) Il Duce - the leader
• limited the press,
• fixed elections,
• used secret police, exiles and prisons.
• Outlawed strikes and crushed unions
• Hitler will follow this model for his rise to
  power, and in fact met with Mussolini during his
  rise to power.

10
Benito Mussolini1883-1945
11
Rise of Fascism

• HITLER AND THE RISE OF NAZI GERMANY
• Struggles of the Weimar Republic
• a. Germanys first experiment in Democracy, is
  blamed for all the troubles plaguing Germany-
  economic depression, having to observe the terms
  of the treaty of Versailles, etc.
• b. Structure of Government-
• i. Parliament/ Legislative Branch- The
  Reichstag
• ii. Executive Branch- 2 positions- President
  and Chancellor
• C. Unrest and Downfall of the Weimer Republic-
• i. Mired in Inflation and economic depression
• - Reparations, Dawes Plan, Great Depression
• ii. Treaty of Versailles hated by all Germans
• iii. Jewish People became scapegoats for
  Germanys troubles

12
Adolf Hitler becomes leader of Nazi Party

• Why?
• His skills as an organizer and speaker
• 3. Adolf Hitler becomes leader of Nazi Party
• Consequences?
• Nazis become powerful political force
• Why?
• Mussolinis success in Italy through his Fascisti
  march on Rome
• Tried to take over Germany in 1922 Munich
  Beer-hall Putsch the coup attempt fails first
  attempt
• 4. Adolf Hitler imprisoned for treason
• Consequences?
• Mein Kampf
• set forth his racist and anti-Semitic beliefs
• promoted the idea of the German Master Race.
• It also plots out his plans for spreading Germany
  and Nazi power over most of Europe

13
5. Hitler becomes Chancellor

• Why?
• Germanys economic problems of the Great
  Depression and fear of communism
• Nazi-caused violence and unrest made people
  afraid
• Nazis blamed the Communists
• German voters made Nazis the largest party in the
  Reichstag
• Conservatives and Nazi allies convinced President
  von Hindenberg to appoint Hitler Chancellor

• Consequences?
• Hitler forced Reichstag to give him total power
• Put cronies and supporters in positions of power
• Implements remilitarization
• Privatizes many industries

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Hitlers Goals overview as described in MeinKampf

• Sought to create a master race of Germans, as
  all non-Aryan (misused term) races were inferior
• (borrowing some ideas from existentialist
  Nietzsche willpower and discipline potentially
  leading to supermen)
• Vowed to regain those lands taken from Germany
  after WWI
• Sought lebensraum, or living space, for Germans
  would conquer eastern Europe and Russia to gain
  needed territory for the expansion of their
  master race
• To regain territory, illustrate German
  superiority and improve German economy and
  employment, Nazis embarked on a massive
  rearmament plan violating the terms of the Treaty
  of Versailles.
• (buying arms from Germanys own privately held
  military industries like F.G Farber,
  Daimler-Benz, Bosch, and Siemens)

16
Hitler has books burned

• Why?
• To control all aspects of German society
• To control what people knew and understood
• 6. Hitler has books burned
• Consequences?
• opposition was prevented from getting supporters
• Promoted conformity with Nazi ideology
• Why?
• Anti-semitism was a key to Nazi Ideology
• Used Jews as scapegoats
• 7. Nazis pass laws against Jews
• Consequences?
• Widespread violence against Jews
• Confiscation of Jewish property

17
Anti-Semitism

• Nazi ideology stressed that Jews were to blame
  for all of Germanys troubles since WWI -
  Scapegoating
• Laws were passed that restricted rights of
  German Jews
• Kristallnacht ? Night of the Broken Glass

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Moishe, Pesha and along comes Label

• Moishe, Pesha and Label Huber lived in a small
  town called Mezrich in Poland between Warsaw and
  Lublin.
• They were a family of Jews.
• Moishe Huber had 12 brothers and sisters, and
  Pesha Fainland had 4 sisters and a brother.
• They were living in two different towns Pesha in
  Sarnacki and Moishe in Mordi where he helped his
  mother urn a grain feed store.
• When Pesha went to visit her brother who had
  moved to Mordi, she met Moishe
• Soon after they were married.
• They moved to the town, Mezrich, where Moishes
  family lived.
• In March 1938 they had a baby boy they named
  Label. They knew nothing of what was going on in
  the rest of Europe

20
Elsewhere

• Numerous other countries fell to dictators, as
  democracy failed across much of Europe primarily
  due to terrible economics due to the Great
  Depression
• Struggle between totalitarianism and democracy
• Sign of things to come ? Holocaust, WWII