The Romantic Period 1815-1848

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The Romantic Period1815-1848
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What Is Romanticism?

• Period of political, economic and social upheaval
  after Napoleons reign in France
• Caused by international stability
• Growing middle class provided an audience for the
  arts
• Characterized by strong portrayal of emotions
  through the arts

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What Is Romanticism?

• Belief was that imagination and creation should
  determine artistic creation
• Denounced The Enlightenment, as it impeded
  creativity
• Rediscovery of human freedom and creativity,
  which had been impeded by the habits and rules of
  civilization

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What Is Romanticism?

• Broke with tradition, creating new cultural forms
  and techniques
• Intent of the arts was for the audience to feel
  and experience their work

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Causes Of The Romantic Period

• People had time to appreciate the arts
• Wealthy patrons were no longer needed to support
  artists
• Failure of The Enlightenment gave way to a new
  type of thinking

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Romantic Art

• Independent artists wanted to break away from the
  restrictions of the Classic style
• These feelings grew into The Romantic Movement
• Artists were fascinated with Ancient Greece and
  Rome, The Middle Ages, The Orient, and Africa
• Was less prominent than Romantic music and
  Literature

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ROMANTIC PAINTING
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Francisco de Goya (1746-1828)

• Was unimpressed by masterpieces of the Classic
  and Renaissance eras
• Was official painter for the Spanish royal family
• Painting was characterized by Romantic Temper

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Charles IV of Spain and his Family,
1800
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• Third Of May, 1808

Third Of May, 1808
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Colossus
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Theodore Gericault (1791-1824)

• Led a very romantic life
• Lived and worked in Rome prior to returning to
  Paris
• Works often celebrated brutality and horror of war

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The Charging Chausseur, 1812
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• Raft of the Medusa , 1819

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Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)

• Led the Romantic movement in France after
  Gericaults death
• Similar in his lifestyle to Gericault
• Traveled to Greece during their revolution
• Story was secondary to the intensity of the moment

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Massacre at Chios, 1824
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Death at Sardanapalus, 1827
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• Liberty Leading The People, 1830

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John Constable (1776-1837)

• Conveyed feelings through landscapes
• Among first to paint outdoors
• Believed that love could be expressed through
  nature

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Wivenhoe Park, 1816
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• The Hay Wain, 1821

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Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishops
Grounds, 1825

• Salisbury

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Salisbury, 1831
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JMW Turner, (1775-1851)

• Fascinated by the power of nature
• Work was more abstract
• Worked in watercolours

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Ivy Bridge, 1813
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Snow Storm Hannibal and his Army Crossing
the Alps, 1812
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• The Fighting Temeraire 1839

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• Burial at Sea, 1841

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Rain, Steam and Speed-The Great
Western Railway, 1844
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ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE
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ROMANTIC ARCHITECTURE

• England was the leader
• Renewed interest in Middle ages? Gothic Rivival
• Architects adapted mastered both styles
  (Classical Gothic)
• Classical in proportion but decoration was
  Medieval

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Gothic Architecture
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Houses of Parliament, Charles Barry A. Welby
Pugin, 1840-1852
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Royal Pavilion at BrightonJohn Nash, 1815-1822
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Basilica of St. Clotilde, 1846-1857
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ROMANTIC MUSIC
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Romantic Music

• Considered to be the most romantic of the three
  major arts
• Evolved from former classical style
• Large focus on the piano
• Nature of the audience had largely changed
• Along with literature helped to kick-start the
  entire movement

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Ludwig von Beethoven (1770-1827)

• Can be seen as both a classical
• and romantic composer
• Prominent use of piano, winds,
• double bass
• Gradually lost hearing throughout his life, but
  still produced masterpieces

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• Was one of the first composers to work freelance
• Was initially attracted to the Enlightenment ,
  but later caught on with the growing trend of
  Romanticism
• He was also suspected of being a Freemason

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vWod-MudLNPA
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Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

• Had strong vocal harmonies
• blending with the piano
• Died at a very young age, but
• still produced many great works
• Interest in his work only increased
• after his death

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v2bosouX_d8Y
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Richard Wagner (1813-1883)

• One of the last Romantic composers
• Music was very aggressive
• Had strong emphasis on string
• section, and lower brass

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vvFTnFErJEu4
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vV92OBNsQgxU
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ROMANTIC LITERATURE
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Romantic Literature

• Authors were upset with the focus on writing
  during The Enlightenment
• Again works were based on provoking emotion and
  compassion with characters
• Started Romanticism in the early 19th Century,
  with the publication of many different poems
• First Romantic work considered to be William
  Woodsworth and Samuel Coleridges Lyrical Ballads

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Romantic Literature

• Was also a backlash against The Industrial
  Revolution
• There was an increasing demand for spontaneity
  and lyricism
• Some prominent themes were Libertarianism,
  Nature, The Exotic, and the Supernatural

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William Woodsworth, (1770-1850)

• Lived in France during the French Revolution
• Rejected poetic diction in favour of the language
  of the commoners
• Lyrical Ballads, Lines Written a Few Miles Above
  Tintern Abby

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Samuel Coleridge, (1772-1834)

• Use of the exotic settings
• Used opium to ease pain of rheumatism
• Most influential literary critic on 19th century
• Wrote The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

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George Gordon (Lord Byron) (1788-1824)

• Was considered the most romantic of British poets
• Often portrayed young men who were defiant and
  melancholic
• Fled to Greece after his marriage dissolved, and
  helped with the revolution

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Percy Bysshe Shelley, (1792-1822)

• Idealistic and influenced by political events
• Friend of Byron
• Married to Mary Shelley

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Mary Shelley (1797-1851)

• Was the wife of prolific British romantic poet
  Percy Shelley
• Wrote Frankenstein

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Victor Hugo (1802-1885)

• Was a prolific poet novelist and dramatist
• Wrote the romantic novel The Hunchback of Notre
  Dame, but was also famous for later works such as
  Les Miserables

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• Was renowned for communicating his views through
  his writing, such as championing free thought and
  his atheism
• When he passed he was buried in Le Pantheon, a
  famous French cemetery along with other famous
  Frenchmen such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Marat, and
  Braille

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Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849)

• Was a Gothic revivalist, similar to Mary Shelley
• Wrote many poems, with his most famous being The
  Raven
• Also helped with the creation of the science
  fiction genre

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Johann Von Goethe (1749-1832)

• Was the centre of German Literature at the time
• Was fascinated with modern individualism
• Most famous piece was Faust

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Romanticisms Importance Today

• Paved the way for more individual and free
  thinking
• Many artists of this period would influence
  prominent artists of coming periods
• Helped to expand the middle class