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1
Rhetorical Situation
2
Negotiating Rhetorical Demands

• Verify your emphasis
• Clarify your goal
• Analyze your audience

3
Audience Analysis

• Who is my audience?
• What is their economic, social, and educational
  status?
• What are their political beliefs?
• What value is placed on education, environment,
  religion, and work?
• How old is my audience? What are the common
  values or beliefs of this age group?

4
Audience Analysis Contd

• How does the audience relate to the subject?
• What issues make the audience angry or defensive?
• How can I present unpopular ideas?
• What authorities will convince them?
• Would stories and analogies help?
• How can I appeal to their values?
• What concerns and fears must I address?

5
Audience Analysis Contd

• What Is the audiences level of expertise?
• What does the audience already know?
• What level of technical information is
  appropriate?
• What content and conventions do they expect?
• What terms must be defined or are understood?

6
Audience Analysis Contd

• How does the audience relate to me?
• What are the power relations?
• Given this relationship, how do I present myself?
• Am I an expert?
• How do I demonstrate that I am honest,
  trustworthy, and sympathetic?

7
Audience Analysis Contd

• How do I relate to the audience?
• Do I respect the audiences opinions and points
  of view?
• Am I committed to telling them what I believe to
  be true?
• Have I made things easy for them?

8
Write or Speak?

• Is the topic controversial?
• Are you emotionally involved?
• Is the other person angry, upset or frustrated?