The Spanish-American War

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The Spanish-AmericanWar

• Mr. Blais
• America in the World

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Take a few minutes and try your best to define
the following terms.

• The Monroe Doctrine
• Manifest Destiny
• Imperialism
• Isolationism

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• The Monroe Doctrine was a doctrine established in
  1823 which stated that European powers could not
  longer colonize or interfere with the affairs of
  independent nations of the Americas.
• Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. had
  the obvious right to expand its territory. It
  was originally used to justify Americas expansion
  west and was later used to justify further
  American expansion

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• Imperialism is the policy of establishing
  colonies and building empires in order to expand
  the influence on one single power around the
  world.
• Isolationism is the political policy of
  separating oneself and ones country from the
  political affairs of other countries.
  (Originally established by George Washington)

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Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine Securing the
Americas

• Step 1 Kick the French out of Mexico
• Because Mexico refused to pay its debts France
  came in to force them to pay. The French then
  stayed until the U.S. sent 50,000 to the border
  and made the French withdraw.

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Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine Securing the
Americas

• Step 2 Get territory from Russia
• The czar of Russia saw little value in a far of
  land and sold Alaska to the U.S. for 7.2 Million
  dollars in 1867. (less than 2 cents an acre)

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Fulfilling the Monroe Doctrine Securing the
Americas

• Step 3 Annex Hawaii
• Hawaii had close ties with the U.S. economy since
  the early 1800s.
• But when Queen Liliuokalani tried to bring
  control back to the Hawaiian people some American
  business leaders with the help of some mariners
  took over the Hawaiian government.
• Hawaii was annexed in 1898

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Strengthen the Navy

• By 1880 the U.S. navy was very limited in size
  and very outdated.
• Captain Alfred Mahan called attention to this
  problem and believed the U.S. needed more
  influence abroad and needed a strong navy to do
  that.
• By 1895 Congress had passed legislation for 20
  new naval ships, 6 of which were battleships.

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The Spanish-American War

• How did the Spanish treat the Cubans?
• They treated the Cubans very poorly, and many
  were held against their will
• Who sympathized with the Cubans in there fight
  for freedom against the Spanish?
• Many Americans sympathized with the Cubans.
• What happened to the U.S.S. Maine while it was in
  Havana harbor? How many men died in this
  disaster?
• The Maine blew up in the harbor and 266 men died.
• Who did the American newspapers blame for the
  disaster? What actually happened to the Maine in
  early 1898?
• The newspapers blamed the explore on Spain but no
  really knows what happened
• Summarize the three main factors that drew
  American into war.
• Americans were angry at how the Cubans were
  treated, many Americans wanted expand there
  territory and power, and American newspapers
  continuously wrote terrible stories about the
  Spanish .

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The Spanish-American War

• What did the U.S. Congress do on April 19, 1898
  that helped Cuba and sent America into a war with
  Spain?
• The U.S. Congress state that Cuba was now free
  from Spain.
• Where did the first battle of the
  Spanish-American war take place (Give the harbor
  and the island)? Who commanded the American
  ships in this battle?
• It took place at Manila Bay in the Philippines
  and the U.S. ships were commanded by commodore
  George Dewey.
• Who won the first battle of the Spanish-American
  war?
• The Americans won the first battle of the war.
• How many U.S. soldiers initially landed in Cuba?
  Where did they land and what hill did they
  capture?
• 17,000 U.S. soldiers landed near Santiago and
  captured San Juan Hill.
• What happened to the Spanish navy as they tried
  to escape Santiago Harbor?
• The Spanish navy was destroyed while trying to
  escape.

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The Spanish-American War

• How long did the Spanish-American War last?
• The war lasted about 4 months.
• Who kept the Philippine islands after the war?
• America kept the Philippine islands after the war
• How did the Filipinos react to there island being
  taken over? How many people died in the battles
  that took place on the islands?
• The Filipinos fought back, they wanted to govern
  there own country and tens of thousand of people
  died in these battles.
• How did most people generally view the
  Spanish-American war and briefly explain why they
  felt this way.
• Most people felt it was a success because America
  won so quickly and so decisively. Many people
  also felt the war demonstrates the America was a
  country on the rise and demanded respect from
  other nations.

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America Gains New Territory

• The treaty between American and Spain after the
  war was very beneficial to America.
• The U.S. gained territory throughout the Atlantic
  and Pacific Oceans.
• It gained influence or governance over the
  following islands
• Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (The
  Philippines cost 20 Million Dollars.)

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The Philippines

• Name three islands that America took from Spain
  after the Spanish-American War, not counting the
  Philippines.
• Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba (now
  semi-independent)
• Identify two reasons as to why many American
  supported the annexation of the Philippines.
• Wanted a larger role in world affaris, wanted new
  markets and areas of investment, Americans were
  excited by the idea of an empire, and many
  believed that America was simply fulfilling its
  destiny since it was the fittest nation to govern
  the Philippines.
• How much money did the U.S. pay for the
  Philippines?
• They paid 20,000,000 dollars
• Name three characteristics of the Philippines
  that would make it difficult for any foreign
  power to govern.
• There are more than 7,100 different islands, 7.5
  million people, with 43 different ethnic groups,
  and 87 different languages and dialects.

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The Filipino Resistance

• How long did the war last between the Filipinos
  and American?
• It lasted for about 3 years (1899-1902)
• Who was the leader of the Filipino resistance?
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• What event effectively ended the Filipino
  resistance?
• When Aguinaldo was captured
• What were two changes made under William Howard
  Taft that truly helped the Filipinos?
• He established a civilian government which helped
  build schools, roads, and hospitals for the
  Filipinos.
• Approximately how long did it take the U.S. grant
  independence to the people of the Philippines?
• It took approximately 40 years for the
  Philippines to gain its independence.

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Cuba

• Give two reasons that the U.S. Army stayed in
  Cuba even after the Spanish-American War was
  over.
• After the war with Spain Cuba was in rough
  condition so the U.S. Army stayed to establish a
  republican government, oversee Cuban finances,
  and establish public health programs
• Why was the Platt Amendment put in place?
• It was established to protect American interests
  in Cuba
• The Platt Amendment officially made Cuba a U.S.
  protectorate. What is a protectorate? Is a
  protectorate truly independent?
• A protectorate is a nation or region controlled
  by a stronger state. These are not truly
  independent because the stronger nation can
  interfere in the affairs of its protectorate at
  almost any time.

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Puerto Rico

• Give two reasons why it would NOT be good to be a
  dependency under the United States, as Puerto
  Rico was.
• Because according to a Supreme Court ruling the
  U.S. can set tariffs on the products of a
  dependency, and only has to grant civil rights to
  the people of a dependency if it wants to.
• Based on Puerto Ricos history, why was it quite
  impractical for the United States to hold on to
  this island?
• Puerto Rico has strong ties with Latin American.
  It also had over 300 years of Spanish history and
  Spanish language engrained into its culture.
• What was Puerto Rico finally granted in 1917?
• They were finally granted territorial status and
  made citizens of the U.S.