Topic

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Topic Television
MOBU School ?95. named. N. Shchukin
Prepared Rusetskaya Tamara, a student 11klassa.
Checked Eugene P. Meshkova, an English teacher.
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Development of television

• The rapid development of TV in the second half of
  the 20-th century has already grown for several
  generations, not of a life without TV. Broadcast
  quality has increased significantly and has
  become digital. The TVs have already ceased to be
  perceived as "boxes", which appeared flat LCD and
  plasma models. Screen sizes are measured by a
  pair of tens of centimeters. Television has
  become the norm.

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Where it all began

• The influence of light on electricity for the
  first time (this is called the photoelectric
  effect-snatching electrons from a substance when
  exposed to light) discovered the German physicist
  Heinrich Hertz in 1887. He described their
  observations, but explain this phenomenon and
  failed. In February 1888, Russian scientist
  Alexander Stoletov experience clearly shows the
  influence of spent beam for electricity.
  Stoletovu was able to identify several patterns
  of this phenomenon. It was a prototype of the
  modern solar cells and so-called "electric eye".
  Later, similar research has many other great
  scientists including f. Lenard, j. Thompson, o.
  Richardson, c. Compton, r. Millikan, f. Ioffe, c.
  Lukirskij and c. Priležaev. But fully explain the
  nature of photoeffect was able only to Albert
  Einstein in 1905.

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• In parallel to these studies took place and many
  others who have played in a no less important
  role in the history of television. For example in
  1879 by the English physicist William Kruksom
  substances which were opened when lights effects
  on them cathode rays phosphors. Later it was
  found that the brightness of the glow phosphors
  directly depends on the strength of their
  exposure. In 1887, the first version of
  katodo-CRT (picture tube) is a German physicist
  Karl Brown.

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• In parallel to these studies took place and many
  others who have played in a no less important
  role in the history of television. For example,
  in 1879, f English
• By the end of 19-th century the idea of
  television doesn't seem to have something absurd
  and fantastic. None of the scientists have
  questioned the ability to transfer images over
  distances. One after the other, there are
  projects of television systems, for the most
  part, not feasible in terms of physics. The main
  principles of work television were created by the
  French scientist Maurice Leblanc. Independently,
  these works creates and American scientist e.
  Sawyer. They described the principle according to
  which image you want to quickly scan frame, with
  further turning it into an electrical signal.
  Since you know the radio then already existed and
  had been given to transfer of electric signals
  made by itself.

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• In 1907, Boris Rozingu was able to theoretically
  justify the possibility of obtaining images by
  electron-beam tubes, German physicist developed
  previously by k. Brown. Rozingu also managed to
  implement this in practice. And even managed to
  get a picture in the form of a single fixed
  point, this was a huge step forward. In General,
  the development of electronic television systems,
  Rosing has played an enormous role.

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• In 1933, United States, Russian immigrant
  Vladimir Zworykin demonstrated transferring
  electronic iconoscope-tube. It is generally
  considered that it is in. Zvorykin is the father
  of electronic television.
• Around the same time, regardless of the
  conveying tube Zvorykina creates and Soviet
  scientist n. Kataev.

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Mechanical television sets. Nipkow Disk

• The first device for mechanical scanning has
  developed in 1884, German engineer Paul Gottlieb
  Nipkow. This device once again confirmed the
  justice statements about the simplicity of
  genius. His device was a rotating opaque disk
  with diameter up to 50 cm, with the spiral of
  Archimedes holes the so-called nipkow disk
  (Nipkow disk device in the literature sometimes
  referred to as "electric telescope"). Thus was
  scanning the image light Ray, a signal to a
  special converter. To scan the same missing one
  (!) of the photoelectric cell. The number of
  holes, sometimes as many as 200 (usually from 30
  to 100). Repeat the process on the television in
  reverse order-to produce an image again made of
  rotating disk with holes that was neon lamp.
  Using this simple system and was projected image.

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• In the same line by line, but with sufficient
  speed to the human eye have seen have a picture.
  Thus, the first to be created that is Projection
  TV. Image quality left much to be desired only
  silhouettes, game of shadows, but nevertheless
  discern what show it was possible. Nipkow disk
  was the primary components of almost all
  mechanical systems, TVs, to their complete
  extinction as a species.

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• In 1925, the Swedish engineer John bird, was the
  first to achieve the transfer of recognizable
  human persons. Again, using a Nipkow disk. Later
  it was developed and first television system
  capable of transmitting moving images.
• First electronic TV suitable for practical use
  was developed in the American RCA research
  laboratory, led by Zvorykinym, at the end of the
  1936 season. Later in the year 1939, RCA
  introduced the first TV set designed specifically
  for mass production.

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• This model was called the RCS TT-5. It was a
  massive wooden box equipped with a screen with a
  diagonal of 5 inches.
• First, the development of television was going in
  two directions electronic and mechanical
  (sometimes referred to as a mechanical television
  "malostrocnym TV"). With the development of
  mechanical systems were practically until the end
  of the 40-ies of the 20-th century, before it was
  completely supplanted by electronic devices. In
  the territory of the USSR, has beaten a little
  longer mechanical television systems.

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We have

• Parallel to the development of television
  occurred on the territory of the Soviet Union.
  The first experimental broadcast took place on
  April 29, 1931 session of the year. From 1
  October of the same year, TV shows have become
  regular. Because TVs still have not been carried
  out collective views, with designated areas. Many
  hams are beginning to assemble mechanical Soviet
  model TVs with their own hands (a bit more on
  this, see the article "Homemade TV").

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• In 1932, when developing a plan for the second
  five-year plan, the television was given a lot of
  attention. November 15, 1934 year broadcast
  television broadcast took place for the first
  time with sound. For quite a long time, there was
  only one channel is the first channel. At the
  time of the great patriotic war broadcast was
  interrupted and restored only after it ends. In
  1960, a second channel.
• The first Soviet TV released industry called the
  b-2. This automatic model appeared in April, 32.
  First electronic TV was created much later-in the
  year 1949. This was the legendary KVN 49. TV was
  equipped with such a small screen, it's for more
  comfortable viewing in front of him was a special
  lens that needed to be filled with distilled
  water. In the future there and many other, more
  sophisticated models. However, build quality and
  reliability of Soviet TV (even the most recent
  models) were so low that became the talk of the
  town. Production of colour television sets, in
  the Soviet Union only started in mid 1967.

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Color TV

• Although color television system has developed
  further in the year 1928, Zworykin only to 1950,
  it was possible its implementation. And then only
  as èksperemental'nyh. Many years have passed
  since before this technology was available
  everywhere.
• First fit to sell colour television established
  in 1954, the same RCA. This model was equipped
  with a 15 inch screen. Later models were
  developed with 19 and 21 inch diagonals. Cost
  thousands of dollars more expensive systems
  United States and, therefore, not all were
  available. However, if desired, will be able to
  purchase this equipment in credit.

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• Due to difficulties with the widespread
  television color organization model color TV sets
  could not quickly displace the black and white,
  and for a long time, both types were produced in
  parallel. Single standard (PAL or SECAM) appeared
  and started vnedrâtsâ in 1967.

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• In the early radio lamps have been replaced by
  Semiconductor is the first TV based
  semiconductors was developed in 1960, the company
  Sony. Then came the chip-based model. Now there
  is a system in which all electronic filling TV is
  enclosed in a single chip.
• But talking about the history of television, one
  cannot but mention another relatively simple, but
  very important invention. The first remote
  control was established in the year 1950. This
  remote connect to my TV through a long wire. A
  few years later Robert Adler proposed the use of
  ultrasound for this purpose. There were also
  attempts to use the beam of visible light. But in
  the end settled on infrared, which is still in
  use.

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Plus Minus
Flat screen Stretched bell
TV tsetnoe
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Thank you for your attention.