Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
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Qualitative and Quantitative

• Qualitative property an observation that is
  described without measurements.
• Ex.
• Quantitative property an observation that
  involves a measured value (a number and a unit).
• Ex.

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Physical Properties

• A property that can be observed without a
  chemical reaction of the substance.

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Physical Properties - Qualitative

• Colour- Ex.
• Odour- Ex.
• State- Ex.
• Ductility- the ability of a substance to be
  stretched into a thin wire.
• Ex.

5
Physical Properties - Qualitative

• 5. Lustre- the way in which a substance reflects
  light (ie. how shiny it is)
• Ex.
• 6. Malleability- the degree to which a substance
  can be bent. (ie. Malleable vs. brittle)
• Ex.

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Physical Properties - Quantitative

• 1. Viscosity- the resistance of a fluid to flow
• Ex.
• 2. Melting and boiling points- temperature at
  which state changes occur
• Ex.
• 3. Solubility- the amount a substance can
  dissolve into another substance.
• Ex.

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Physical Properties - Quantitative

• 4. Hardness- ability to resist being scratched
• Ex.
• 5. Conductivity- ability of a substance to
  conduct electricity or heat
• Ex.
• 6. Density- amount of mass in a given volume of a
  substance
• Ex. Density of water is 1.0 g/mL

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Chemical Properties

• A chemical property describes the ability of a
  substance to react with another substance to form
  a new substance.

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Examples of Chemical properties

• 1) Reactivity with other substances
• Eg. Reactivity with water
• Ex. Potassium metal is highly reactive with
  water
• Eg. Reactivity with acids
• Ex. Baking soda reacts with vinegar

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Examples of Chemical properties

• 2) Combustibility is the ability of a substance
  to burn.
• Ex. Helium does not burn while hydrogen burns
  explosively.

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Stability and Toxicity

• The stability of a substance refers to how easily
  the substance breaks down (ie. decomposes).
• Ex. Arsenic is toxic to humans