Introduction to Biology

1
Introduction to Biology

• Unit 4

2
BIOLOGY

• BIO Life
• OLOGY study of
• BIOLOGY Study of Life!

3
5 Characteristics of Living Things

• Organized structure
• Made of cells!
• Grow and Develop
• Respond to Environment
• Reproduce
• Need/use energy

4
Quick Comprehension !

• Rememberto be considered alive, something must
  meet ALL 5 of the characteristics on the previous
  slide!
• Test your skills on the next 5 slides

5
1. Living or Nonliving?
6
2. Living or Nonliving?
7
3. Living or Nonliving?
8
4. Living or Nonliving?
9
5. Living or Nonliving?
10
Did You Answer Correctly?

• Tree Living
• Fire Non-living
• Cell phone Non-living
• Clouds Non-living
• Water Non-living
• Some of these items meet some of the
  characteristicsbut only 1 meets all 5!

11
Lets Start With Organized Structure

• Organism- A living thing made up of AT LEAST one
  cell (most have many cells)
• Wait a Minute!....Whats a cell???

12
What is a Cell?

• Cell- the smallest unit of any living thing

13
2 Types of Organisms One Cell or Many
Cells?

• Unicellular

• Multicellular

• Organisms made up of only ONE cell
• Examples bacteria, some protists

• Organism made up of MANY cells
• Examples plants, animals, humans

14
OKThe Truth About Cells

• The reason cells are important to life is
  summarized in the Cell Theory
• Every living thing is made of one or more cells.
• Cells carry out the functions needed to support
  life.
• Cells can only come from other living cells.

15
Cell Theory Example

• Every living thing is made up of one or more
  cells.
• A polar bear is a multicellular organism.

3. Cells come only from other living cells. Each
polar bear cub began as a single cell. That
single cell split into 2, those 2 split into 4
and so on
400x
2. Cells carry out the functions needed to
support life. Every type of cell has a different
function, for example fat cells provide extra
energy as well as insulation.
16
Quick Comprehension!

• See if you can answer the following without
  looking at your notes or the previous slides!

17
1. Quick Comprehension

• What Is Biology ?

18
2. Quick Comprehension

• What determines if something is living?

19
3. Quick Comprehension

• Whats a cell ?

20
4. Quick Comprehension

• What is this cell theory and why do I
  care?

21
5. Quick Comprehension

• What are the 2 types of organisms?

22
Did You Answer Correctly?

• Biology the study of life!
• 5 characteristics of a living thing organized
  structure (made of cells), grow develop,
  responds to environment, reproduces, need/use
  energy
• Cell the smallest unit of any living thing
• Cell Theory Every living thing is made of one
  or more cells, cells carry out the functions
  needed to support life, cells can only come from
  other living cells AND because you are made of
  cellsduh.
• 2 types of organisms unicellular
  multicellular

23
Guess What? There Are Also 2 Types of
Cells!
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
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2 Types of Cells

• Eukaryotic Cell

• Prokaryotic Cell

• NO NUCLEUS
• EXAMPLE bacteria cells (unicellular organisms
  have this type of cell)

• HAS A NUCLEUS
• EXAMPLE plant and animal cells (multicellular
  organisms have this type of cell)

Nucleus
What is the exception to the rule?
25
Exception to the Rule

• Protists!
• You should remember them from 7th gradeamoeba,
  euglena, volvox, paramecium etc.
• They can be unicellular and eukaryotic

26
Quick Comprehension !

• Determine whether the next 8 examples are
• unicellular or multicellular AND
• prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
• Helpful Hint You should review the
  characteristics of both before you start!

27
1. Unicellular or Multicellular?

• E. Coli
• Bacteria Cell

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
28
2. Unicellular or Multicellular?

• Human Red Blood Cells

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
29
3. Unicellular or Multicellular?

• Fungi Cell

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
30
4. Unicellular or Multicellular?

• Human Cheek Cells

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
31
5. Unicellular or Multicellular

• Onion Root Cells

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic
32
6. Unicellular or Multicellular?

• Spiral Bacteria

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
33
7. Unicellular or Multicellular

• Leaf Cells

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
34
8. Unicellular or Multicellular

• Protists

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
35
Did You Answer Correctly?

• E. coli bacteria cells unicellular, prokaryotic
• Human red blood cells multicellular, eukaryotic
• Fungi cell multicellular, eukaryotic
• Human cheek cells multicellular, eukaryotic
• Onion root cells multicellular, eukaryotic
• Spiral bacteria cells unicellular, prokaryotic
• Leaf cells multicellular, eukaryotic
• Protists unicellular, eukaryotic (remember,
  they are the exception to the rule!)
• If you are having trouble with this be sure to
  ask next class!!

36
Tie It TogetherWhat Do All Cells Need?

• Regardless if an organism is unicellular or
  multicellular prokaryotic or eukaryoticwhat do
  they all need to function????
• ENERGY!!!!

37
Where Do They Get Their Energy?

• It Depends
• Animal Cells consume food and their cells
  create energy through the process of CELLULAR
  RESPIRATION
• Plant Cells use the sunlight and their cells
  convert it into energy through the process of
  PHOTOSYNTHESIS