Some Thoughts to Consider 12

1
Some Thoughts to Consider 12

• All of our study thus far has centered on
  knowledge representation for agents that use
  certain knowledge, using First Order Logic or
  FOL-equivalent representations.
• In reality, agents never have access to the
  whole truth about their environment. They must
  act in the presence of uncertainty,
  incompleteness, and incorrectness.
• Therefore, there exist many probabilistic
  alternatives for reasoning under uncertainty in
  the AI tradition. All are incomplete attempts at
  solving a very hard problem.
• CYC is a very large repository and reasoning
  engine for human common sense knowledge. What
  kinds of questions would one expect CYC to
  answer? What is the importance of CYC to the AI
  community?

2
Hybrid Intelligent Systems

• When single approaches and techniques are not
  sufficient to solve a problem, it is possible to
  combine techniques in very interesting ways. The
  following are such hybrids
• Neural Expert System
• Neuro-Fuzzy System
• Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
• Evolutionary Neural Network
• Fuzzy Evolutionary System

3
The Nature of Planning

• Planning can be viewed as a type of problem
  solving in which an agent uses beliefs about
  actions and their consequences to search for a
  solution over the more abstract space of plans,
  rather than over the space of situations
  (states).
• Most planning systems represent states and
  operators in the STRIPS language.
• STRIPS - Stanford Research Institute Problem
  Solver.
• Now it is SRI International.
• Now it is a planner, not a problem solver.
• STRIPS operators have 3 components
• Action description.
• Precondition.
• Effect.
• Typical planner agents are regression planners
  that start with goal states and work backward to
  successively find preconditions and operators
  that achieve them. A solution to the plan is
  found when all preconditions to all the plan
  steps are satisfied.
• Knowledge representation for planning is similar
  to that for problem solving, except that the
  knowledge is one level of abstraction higher.