Psychotherapy (Chapter 19)

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Psychotherapy (Chapter 19)

• Second Lecture Outline
• Humanistic therapies
• Drug and behavior therapies
• Cognitive-behavioral approaches
• Video 101 Cognitive-behavioral

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Humanistic Therapies

• Clients in stead of Patients moves away from
  medical model
• Client-centered therapy is non-directive, assumes
  free-will
• Clients will sort out their problems if
  therapists are genuine (honest), give
  unconditional positive regard (self-worth), and
  acknowledge client feelings (empathy)

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Psychotropic drug therapies

• Antipsychotic drugs Phenothiazines
• Cloropromazine Blocks dopamine reuptake
• Antidepressant drugs MAO Inhibitors and
  tricylics (e.g., Prozac)
• increase serotonin norepinephrine in synapse
• Barbituates and Benzodiazepines
• valium, librium relax muscles and tranquilize
• barbituates CNS depressant, addictive, lethal
• Concerns Side effects, toxicity, latency

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Behavior therapy

• Treatment of symptoms, objective behaviors,
  scientific methods
• single subject designs
• Counterconditioning stimulus response is
  replaced by alternative response
• Aversion therapy e.g., anta-abuse
• Systematic desensitization Relaxation paired
  with gradually more threatening images and
  experiences, e.g., dog phobia, sex therapy

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Behavior therapy (continued)

• Extinction procedures
• Flooding Exposure to threatening stimuli, e.g.,
  fear of flying
• Implosion therapy Imagine you are confronted
  with very threatening stimuli
• Operant conditioning
• token economy earned tokens based on a system
  of rewards and punishers
• behavioral contract e.g., gain weight to earn
  privilege

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Modeling

• People can learn adaptive behaviors by having
  them modeled
• Age, credentials, similarity of the model is
  important
• Example Social skills training videotapes
  function by having appropriate behavior
  demonstrated
• Example Parent training with bug in the ear

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Behavior Therapy Begin with comprehensive
assessment, using BASIC ID diagnosis Behavior -
Overt behaviors and habits Affect - Emotions,
moods, strong feelings Sensation - The five
senses, unpleasant sensations, aches, pains,
dizziness Imagery - how does client view self,
dreams and memories Cognition - Insights,
philosophies, ideas judgments Interpersonal
relationships - interactions with other people
Drugs / biology - Drugs, prescription,
non-prescription, health and nutrition, concerns
about health
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Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

• Clients change their behavior by changing their
  cognitions
• Goal change how people think about things
• Rational-emotive behavior therapy
• Cognition precedes emotion and irrational
  thoughts therefore cause emotional distress
• I need to be a perfect student
• Therapist needs to challenge irrational cognitions

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Cognitive-Behavior (video 101)

• Cognitive Therapy of Beck
• Maladaptive schemas need to be changed because
  they interfere wth your life
• Stress Inoculation Training
• Stress management., adaptive cognitions, how did
  I do?
• Social Problem Solving
• Identify problem, choose alternatives, choose,
  implement, evaluate outcome