Mixtures of Matter

1
Mixtures of Matter

• Most stuff is a mixture!

2
Mixtures

• Combo of 2 or more pure substances.
• Physically combined but chemically combined.
• Each substance retains its own identity and
  properties.

not
3
Mixtures

• Variable composition
• No unique properties. (Think of sugar and salt
  mixed together.)
• Separated by physical methods.
• May be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

4
Types of Mixtures

1. Heterogeneous

• See a boundary or regions that look
  different.
• ice water, granite, pepper

5
Types of Mixtures

• Constant composition throughout, single phase.
• Solutions (all 3 phases), air, windex, kool-aid,
  sterling silver

1. Homogeneous

6
Homogeneous Mixtures
Gas / Gas Gas / Liquid Gas / Solid Liquid /
Gas Liquid / Liquid Liquid / Solid Solid /
Gas Solid / Liquid Solid / Solid
Air Soda Water H2 in Pt Water in Air Alcohol in
Water Mercury in Silver Mothballs in Air Salt in
Water Silver in Gold
SOLUTIONS
7
Hints for Mixtures

• Solutions in the gas liquid phases transmit
  light. (No particles big enough to scatter
  light.) They look translucent.

Homogeneous
8
Hints for Mixtures

• Suspensions look cloudy the particles are big
  enough to scatter light. They settle on
  standing. If it has to be shaken or stirred,
  its a heterogeneous mixture!

Heterogeneous
9
CuSO4(aq)
source
source
10
(No Transcript)
11
Hints for Mixtures

• Any formula with (aq) is a solution or a
  homogeneous mixture.
• If 1 substance is dissolved in another, its a
  solution or a homogeneous mixture.

12
Hints for Mixtures

• Which of the following is a mixture?
• NaCl(s)
• CH3OH(l)
• HF(g)
• KCl(aq)

Means KCl H2O
13
Hints for Mixtures

• Potassium iodide dissolved in water is an example
  of
• A) element
• B) compound
• C) homogeneous mixture
• D) heterogeneous mixture

14
Separating Mixtures

• Physically combined.
• Separation based on physical properties.
• Sorting Appearance
• Filtration Size
• Distillation Boiling Point
• Crystallization Solubility
• Magnet Magnetization
• Chromatography Travel ability

15
Use differences in appearance to sort the coins.
16
Filtration based on differences in particle size.
Larger particles are trapped by filter.
source
17
Distillation
Based on differences in boiling point.
source
18
source
Paper Chromatograhy
source
Based on differences in intermolecular forces.
19
Crystallization
Source
20
Crystallization
source
21
Magnetic Properties

• Magnetic properties can be used to separate
  mixtures.
• Sand iron filings can be separated with a
  magnet.