Properties of Matter

1
Table of Contents

• Properties of Matter
• Elements
• Mass, volume and density
• Vocabulary and energy

2

• PROPERTIES characteristics of matter
• Physical properties describes a substance
• Physical state water freezing and changing to
  ice (liquid to solid)
• Texture, color, hardness what you see or feel
• Flexibility changes shape folded, coiled,
  stretched
• Dissolving, luster, breaking
• Volume, density and mass

3

• Chemical properties describes a substances
  ability to change into different substances
• Flammability catch fire or burn creates heat,
  gases or ash mixes with oxygen to form
  something else
• Ability to react oxygen and iron create rust
  silver and sulfur make tarnish
• New substances gases produced during baking
  (heat). Yeast and dough produce gas which causes
  bread to rise

4

• Elements pure substances that cannot be broken
  down into any other substance. They are the
  simplest substance.
• Shown as letter symbols
• C carbon
• O oxygen
• H hydrogen
• Atoms basic particle (each element has only one
  kind of atom)
• Can join with other atoms forming chemical bond
  molecules

5
Modeling Molecules
- Describing Matter

• Models of molecules often consist of colored
  spheres that stand for different kinds of atoms.

H2O
CO2
6
Weight and Mass

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
• Your mass is ALWAYS the same no matter where you
  are
• Weight measures the pull of gravity on an object
• Your weight can be DIFFERENT when the gravity is
  different (on the moon you would be lighter
  because the gravity is weaker)
• Mass is measured in grams

7
Volume Density

• Volume the amount of space matter takes up
• Depending on shape you can find it two ways
• Volume of a regular shape object is measured in
  cubic centimeters
• Length x width x height
• 1cm3 1mL
• Displacement method putting an irregular shaped
  object in water to see how much water it pushes
  away because of the space the object takes up

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- Measuring Matter

• Density compares mass of an object to its
  volume how tightly packed the molecules are.
• Density Mass
• Volume
• Mass gt volume very dense object
• Masslt volume less dense object
• Waters density is 1g/cm3. Objects heavier will
  sink.

9
Calculating Density
- Measuring Matter

• A small block of wood floats on water. It has a
  mass of
• 200 g and a volume of 250 cm3. What is the
  density of the wood?
• Read and Understand
• What information are you given?
• Mass of block 200 g
• Volume of block 250 cm3

10
Calculating Density
- Measuring Matter

• A small block of wood floats on water. It has a
  mass of
• 200 g and a volume of 250 cm3. What is the
  density of the wood?

Plan and Solve
What quantity are you trying to calculate? The
density of the block __
What formula contains the given quantities and
the unknown quantity? Density Mass/Volume
Perform the calculation. Density Mass/Volume
200 g/250 cm3 0.80 g/cm3
11
Calculating Density
- Measuring Matter

• Practice Problem
• A sample of liquid has a mass of 24 g and a
  volume of 16 mL. What is the density of the
  liquid?

• 1.5 g/mL

12
Calculating Density
- Measuring Matter

• Practice Problem
• A piece of solid metal has a mass of 43.5 g and a
  volume of 15 cm3. What is the density of the
  metal?

• 2.9 g/cm3

13
Vocabulary

• Matter anything that has mass and takes up
  space
• Chemistry study of properties of matter and how
  it changes
• Chemical bond force of attraction between two
  atoms
• Law of conservation of matter. Matter cannot be
  created or destroyed. It can be changed but NOT
  created or destroyed.
• Substance single kind of matter that is pure
  nothing else is in it. Example sugar or salt

14
Energy

• Role of Energy for any change that happens it
  needed energy
• Kinetic matter in motion
• Potential energy an object has because of its
  position example stretching a rubber band
• Chemical energy from chemical bonds that break,
  creating new bonds
• Thermal energy total energy in an object,
  sometimes described as hot or cold measured by
  temperature. Flows from warmer to cooler
• Temperature tells the amount of thermal energy an
  object has