Book of Life DNA

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Book of LifeDNA Protein Synthesis

• Ch10

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Nucleic Acids

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP

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Questions of the Day

• Where is heredity information stored?
• Hammerling and algae experiments
• Is heredity info. Protein or DNA?
• Griffith Avery
• Hershey Chase
• Frankel Conrat
• What is the structure of DNA?
• Watson Crick
• Rosalind Franklin
• How does it work?

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DNA structure function

• Monomer is nucleotide
• Deoxyribose - sugar
• Phosphate group PO4
• Nitrogen containing base any one of 4

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Bonding

• Sugar/phosphate poles of helix bonded with
  strong phosphodiester bonds
• N base pairs bonded with weak hydrogen bonds

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DNA is nice

• Complementary Base Pairing
• A always bonds with T
• C always bonds with G
• One side is mirror of other
• Chargaffs rule
• A T
• C G

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Replication

• Making a copy (synthesizing new DNA)
• Always attach at 3 end
• Towards replication fork
• Away from fork in chunks
• each new cell made has an exact copy of the
  original DNA from the parent cell

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Enzymes help speed up the process

• Helicase unzips the DNA
• DNA Polymerase glues the nucleotides and the
  ladder

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No Mistakes allowed!!

• Typos or mutations occur
• Proofreading enzymes repair mutations
• Only 1 error/billion nucleotides allowed

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Mutations Genetic Traits

• Sequences of DNA codes make up genes
• Any change to the code changes the gene
• Any change to the gene changes what we see in our
  phenotype