Title: Soot? ??????? ??? ??
1Soot? ?????????? ??
2007. 9. 14 S-Oil RD Lube Section ???, ???
2? ?
- Introduction
- Soot ??? ??
- Soot Concern Control
- Soot ???
- Soot? ???? ??
- ??
- Summary
3Introduction
- ???? ????
- EGR ?? ?? ?? Soot ?? ??
- ???? ??? ??? ??
- ????? Soot control ????
- ???? ??? Soot Control ?? ??
- Soot? ??? ??? ?? ??
- ??? Soot ?? ??
- Soot? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??
4Soot ??
- Soot ?
- ??? ??? ??????? Dark Powdery Deposit
- ??? ???? ?? ???? ??
- Sticky?? ?? ????? ???
- ?? ????? Soot
- ?????? ???? Crankcase? ??
- Mainly - ??? ???? ??? ? ????? Scraped Down
- Partly - ????? Blow-by? ??
- ??? 98?? near spherical shape
- Size ?? ?? ?? 1050nm?? ?? ?? ?? large Particle?
?? ??? ??
5Soot ??
- Soot? ?? Mechanism
- - ???? ? ?? ????? ??? Complex Process
- Fuel-pyrolysis Fuel ??? ??? Fragment? Break
down - Pre-soot chain ???? ??? ??? ???? Precursors?
???? Large Pre-soot? ?? - Soot-inception Pre-soot chain? ?? Hydrogen-rich
spheres ?? - Soot-growth Hydrogen? Diffusion? ?? ???? ? ??
?? Solids? ?? - ???? ????? Soot? Break down?? CO2, H2O? ??
- ????? ???? Soot? ???
6Soot ??
7Soot ??
- Soot? ????
- Improper Air to Fuel Ratio
- Others
- Injector Adjustment Incorrect
- Improper Equipment Operation
- Clogged Air Filters
- Poor Fuel Quality
- Defective Injector
- Stuck Rings
- ?? ????? Soot ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??
8Soot ??
- Soot? ??? ??
- Viscosity ??
- Oil Flow ??
- High Engine Temperature
- Clogged Filters
- Lacquer Build-up
- Loss of Power / Performance
- Oil Drain ?? ??
- Engine Life May be Shortened ..
- Soot? ??? Soot? ??, ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???
???? ???
9Soot ??
Effect Mechanism
Viscosity ?? Soot ??? Colloidal Suspension
Deposit Oil Flow Blocking Soot deposit? Sludge? Oil ??? ??, ?? ??
Dispersancy ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??
Sludge ?? Soot? Sludge ??? ??
Filter ?? Soot ?? ???, Filter ??
10Soot ??
11Soot Concern
U.S. Emission Standard (Heavy-Duty Vehicle)
12Soot Concern
- EGR ?? ???
- Exhaust Gas Recirculation
- NOx ????
- ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???
13Soot Concern
- NOx? PM? Trade-off
- EGR ??? ??
- NOx? ????
- PM? ???? ?
- PM ??? ?????
- Soot ??? ??
14Soot Concern
- PM (Particulate Matters)
- PM? ?? (?? CARB)
- 51.7? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
????? ??? ?? ?? ??(Dust, Soot, Mist) - PM ??
- - SOL (Solid Fraction, ???? Carbon ?, Soot
?), - - SOF (Soluble Organic Fraction), - SO4
(Sulfate Particles)
lt PM ?? ?? gt
15Soot Concern
- Soot? ????
- ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??
- ?? ??? ???? ??
- ???? Oil? ?? Trash-Can
- ????? Soot Control ?? ??
- ??????? Soot? ????? ????? ??
- ???? ?? Soot Control ?? ?? ??
16Soot Control
- Increased Soot Control Capability
- Viscosity
- Mack T-11
- Mack T-10
- Mack T-8E
- Wear Control
- Cummins M11 EGR
- Cummins M11 HST
- Mack T-10
- Cummins M11
17Soot Control
- ???
- ?? Soot ??? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????
??? ? - Soot ??? Van der Waals type? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ???
??? ???? ????? ?
18Soot Control
- ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???
CH-4 ??? ??
CI-4 ??? ??
19Soot ???
??? ???? ??
TGA? Thermogravimetric Analyzer ?? ??
FT-IR? Fourier Transformed Infrared Analyzer ?? ??
Insoluble? ?? Centrifuge -
LEM? Light Extinction Measurement -
Botter? Chromatography Paper ????
20Soot ???
- TGA?
- ??? ?????? 650??? ?? ?
- ?????? ??? ?? 750? ?? ?? ?,
- ???????? ????? ??
- Soot? ??????? ???? ??
- ???????
- ???? ?? ??
- ASTM D-5967? ?? (Appendix 4)
21Soot ???
- FT-IR?
- Soot? ??????? ???? Broadband change ??
- ?, Baseline shift? ???? ??
- 2000 wavenumber region??? ??? ?? Peak? ???
- ?? ????, ?? ? ???? ??, On-site ????
- DIN-51452? ??
22Soot ???
- Insouble?
- Soot ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??
- ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??
- (rpm 10,00020,000, ?? ?? or ??)
- LEM?
- ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???
?? - Botter?
- ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ??, ?????
???
23Soot? ????
- Soot? ?? Thickening Effect? ?? ??
- ??? Soot? ??? ???? ??? ??
- Soot? ?? Thickening ??
- Not Clear till now
- Soot ??? Agglomeration?? Colloidal Suspension
- Colloidal aggregates? gelation? thickening ??
- ????? Soot? ??, size? ??
- Soot? ??? weight??? effective volume? ? ??
- Effective volume? Soot? Shape? ??
- (Sphere? 1 ? ? Diesel soot? 56 ??? ??)
24Soot? ????
- lt?? SAE 971693gt ltBase Oil ? ????
gt
25Soot? ??
- Soot? ??
- Soot ??? ?? ?????? ??
- Soot?? ??? ???? ??
- ???? ??
- Chemical Effect on Antiwear Additive
- Soot ??? ?? Abrasion
- ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??
26Soot? ??
- ????? ?? ?? ??
- ???? / ???? ??
- Soot? ?? ?? ??? ???? Bearing ??? ???
- Soot ??? ?? Abrasive ?? ??
- ???? ??
- Soot? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? Adhesive
??? ?? - Soot ??? ?? Abrasive ??? ??
- ?????? Highly Transient Load Condition Valve
Train? ????? ????? Soot? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??
27Soot ????
- Soot ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??
- Soot ?? ??
- USA Patent 5549393 0.54
- ???? Warning 4, Critical 6 for EGR
- ????
- ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? Control ?? ??? ??
- ??? ???
- GM? ??? UEIL Congress Report 4 ??
- ?? Normal 13, Critical 45 ??
28?? 1
- CF? ?? ???? - ?? ????
- ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
- ???? ??
- 2,500cc ????, 3800 rpm
- Full Throttle, ???? 130?, 50??(10,000 km ???)
???? ?? CF? 1 () CF? 1 () CF? 2
???? 2,500cc ?? 2,500cc ?? 2,500cc ??
EGR ?? EGR?? EGR ?? EGR ??
???(_at_40?) 3.50 1.57 2.08
Fe ??? 110 ppm 41 ppm 51 ppm
Soot ?? 9.0 3.9 5.8
() CF? 1? ?? ??, CF? 2? ?? ??
29?? 1
- ?? ??
- ?? ? ???? ??(EGR? ?)? ????? ?? ?,
- ??? Soot? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.
- ???? ??? ??? ??
- - ????? ??? ???? ??
- (FT-IR ??)
- - TAN ??? ??
- - Sim-Distillation? ??, ???? ????? ?? ?????
??? ??? ??
30?? 2
- CI-4? ?????? - ?? ????
- RV? ?? ??? CI-4? ????? ????
- Cold Start Part Load ???? ?? ??? ?? Soot? ??
- City Mode??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???
- ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? Soot ??? ??
Test Mode Cold start Part load Cold start Part load City Mode City Mode
?????? 100 1000 200 500
???? ???? 50 50 50 50
Soot ?? 0.9 2.36 0.6 0.7
31?? 3
- ?? ?? ?? ??? ??
- Car Center?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??
- ????? RV? ???????
- ?? ?? ????? ????? Mild?? Soot? ??? ???
- ?? ??? ??
? ? ?? RV?? 1 ?? RV?? 2
?? ????, km 159,000 90,000
???? ????, km 18,000 9,000
Soot ?? 0.7 0.5
32Summary
- ????? Soot ?? ??? ??? ??
- ???? ????? ?? EGR ?? ?
- ????, ??? ??, ????
- ????? Soot control ??
- ??? ?? ??? ?? Soot ??? Control ??
- ??? Soot ?? ??
- TGA?, FT-IR?, Insoluble? ?
- Soot ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ??
- Soot ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??
- Soot ???? ??