Flagships Programmes of Government of India

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Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs Central Plan Outlay in Crore Rs
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005- 06 2006-07
Elementary Education 2852 3150 3732 4302 4900 7943 12536 17133
Health 1062 1250 1393 1480 1651 2211 2719 3237
Family Welfare 3120 3200 3506 4174 4955 5300 6424 8052
Women Child Development 1250 1350 1642 2085 2600 2448 3931 4853
Water Sanitation 2250 2750 3284 4761 6002
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Flagships Programmes of Government of India

• Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (10,041 8746 transferred
  from education cess 18787 )
• Mid-day Meal Scheme
• Rajiv Gandhi Drinking Water Mission
• Total Sanitation Campaign
• National Rural Health Mission
• Integrated Child Development Services
• National Rural Employment Gurantee Scheme
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Total allocation in 2005-06 was 34927 crores
Total allocation in 2006-07 is 50,015, an
increase of 43.2
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Decline in Infant Mortality Rate in Disadvantaged
States
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Water and Sanitation in Schools
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Newborn Admission and Deaths - Newborn Care Unit
Purulia District Hospital
A 10-bed sick newborn unit in a district
hospital, air conditioned, with oxygen supply,
nursing station and other cost effective and
efficient equipment such as an infusion pump,
blood gas analyzer, radiant warmer, phototherapy
unit, etc. Six Stabilization Units - 4
functional - Partnership State Govt., District
administration, Panchayat, District Health FW
sector, NGO, UNICEF ADVOCACY, PLANNING,
RESTRUCTURING, STAFFING, SUPPLIES, TRAINING,
innovating (Newborn aides) Mortality reduced by
half.
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Changes in Malnutrition levels in Bihar through
Nutrition interventions

• 8 decline in the prevalence of underweight among
  children under three,
• 20 increase in the use of colostrum feeding
  within one hour of birth,
• 20 decline in the episodes of diarrhea in
  under-3, and
• 30 increase in the consumption of adequately
  iodized salt

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Location of poliovirus, India 2003 - 2006
2003
2004
225 cases in 87 districts
134 cases in 43 districts
2005
2006
66 cases in 35 districts
26 cases in 14 districts
data as on 8th May, 2006
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Constraints

• Broad Issues
• Management and systemic bottlenecks particularly
  in disadvantaged states
• Low levels of community involvement in
  management of services
• Predominance of vertical, issue-specific
  approaches
• Staffing Frequent transfers, vacant posts
  particularly in remote locations, poor
  performance of service-providers (i.e. attendance
  rates of teachers)
• Weak monitoring systems and limited use of
  evidence at local levels
• Political considerations have influenced
  programmatic decisions

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Constraints

• Specific to UNICEF
• Predominance of sectoral programmes with limited
  focus on intersectoral collaboration
• Limited emphasis on integrated behaviour change
  communication
• Overlap in responsibility between national and
  state level officers
• Limited capacity in certain states (Chattisgarh,
  Jharkhand and Assam)
• Lack of flexibility in certain procedures
• Programme/project perspective with a need to
  realign staff to becoming more involved in
  policy, systems and governance related issues

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Full Immunisation under Universal Immunisation
programme (per cent)
  1998-99 2002-03
Uttar Pradesh 43.7 29.8
Andhra Pradesh 74.5 61.6
Assam 46.7 27.6
Haryana 66 57.9
Madhya Pradesh 48.4 34
(MTA X Plan) (MTA X Plan)
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Services Available in Rural UP Services Available in Rural UP Services Available in Rural UP
Services Available in the Dwelling Unit Poorest 20 Wealthiest 20
Electricity 4 28
Drinking water 25 66
Services Available in the village    
Primary school 59 61
Middle school 6 83
Pre-school centre 38 60
Government Fair price shop (for cheap grains) 43 57
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Deterioration in governance

• Increasing politicization of administration,
  eroding the stability of tenure and undercutting
  managerial authority
• Administrative fragmentation leading to a
  proliferation of senior positions
• Little concern for correct reporting and outcome
  monitoring
• Building networks with patrons and politicians
• System is committed to service provider, but not
  to service provision
• Honesty, impartiality, and commitment to public
  welfare are no longer being demanded

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Why are we not changing the system?

• Those who can change actually benefit from chaos
  leakages
• They are indifferent, as they do not lose due to
  bad delivery
• Effecting change is beyond them (short tenure,
  risk, lack of consensus)
• Laying down a road map and sequencing of reforms
  is as important as the reform itself

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UNICEFs role in knowledge management

• Recruitment procedure for teachers and medical
  staff
• Promotion of para teachers to regular teachers
• Transparency in postings, esp to remote areas
• Avoiding delays in salary disbursement
• Teachers involvement in MDM
• Decentralisation of SNP supplies in ICDS
• Partnership with NGOs how are NGOs selected?
• Effective utilisation of IEC funds in sanitation
• Develop indicators for judging quality
• Panchayat Other Committees involvement
  accountability
• Partnerships with Planning Dept ATI
• States learn from each other, hence establish a
  tradition of multi-state studies collect best
  practices

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UNICEF Country Programme New challenges and
changing Role
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Role of UN in the 21st Century

• Building institutional capacities
• Advocacy, standards and norms
• Post crisis response

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On-going Reform Three Ones

• There is a changing UN culture from
  agency-specific to real UN system-wide thinking
  and joint results

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Programme Team Leader
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UNICEF A national and state presence
New Delhi
Jaipur
Lucknow


Patna
Guwahati



Ranchi



Kolkata
Bhopal
Gandhinagar



Raipur
Bhubaneshwar

Mumbai

Hyderabad

Chennai
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The Country Programme in 2003-2007
Reduce IMR -MMR Reduce Child Malnutrition Enhance
Child Protection Ensure quality primary
education Prevent HIVAIDS
Empowered families communities Expanded
partnerships Improved knowledge base on children
Under - 3
School Age
Adolescence
RCH
CDN
CE
Educ
Advocacy Partnerships
PME
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Summary of Key Results

• Progress with salt iodization in certain states,
  increase from 37 in 2003 to 57 in 2005.
• Last mile for polio
• Vitamin A supplementation increased with positive
  implications for well-being of children i.e.
  76.2 for the May 2005 round in 12 36 months
  children in Orissa
• While sanitation remains low nationwide, sanitary
  marts have transformed West Bengal Model be
  scaled-up nationwide
• Water and sanitation facilities in schools
  dramatically increased, with positive
  implications for girls attendance and also
  changing behaviors within communities
• Effective models developed for reducing mortality
  in first month of life reducing malnutrition and
  also increasing performance of schools.
  Challenge now to go to scale while maintaining
  quality and sustainability.

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Changing role of UNICEF.
Promoting Political, Economic and Social
Inclusion by

• Normative Agenda
• Modeling innovative interventions
• Knowledge Management and Analysis
• Systems Strengthening at district level
• Community Empowerment
• Behaviour Change at household level