Ancient Egyptian Civilization

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The Hall of Justice key to an immortal afterlife
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• Like Mesopotamia, religion was the center of
  Egyptian life.
• Religious beliefs reflected the importance of
  nature as a benevolent force

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The Ten Commandments
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Ancient Egyptian Civilization

• Kemet- the Black Land

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The first image that comes to mind...
Pharoah Khufu tallest man-made structure for
3800 years 481 ft high, 13 acres 2.3 million
blocks 2.5 tons - 500 miles 20 years moving
12 blocks per hour No wheel no iron Limestone
with gold top
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Egypt Gift of the Nilestretched 600 miles
long by 14 miles wide

• No rain but agricultural prosperity was
  unmatched.
• July Inundation receded in October leaving rich,
  fertile soil.

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• Isolation impacted on psyche-
• harmony, everything was in balance maat

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Egyptian motto Eat, Drink and be Merry
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Women in ancient Egypt

• Kept anything inherited from their parents
• Entitled to one-half the wealth both partners
  acquired within their marriage
• Work at jobs other than a housewife
• Own and sell property
• Be a witness in a court case or represent
  themselves in court
• Make a will giving their wealth to whomever they
  wished
• Go out in public and be in mixed company with men
• Keep their own name
• Be supported by their ex-husband after divorce

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The Palette of Narmer, (King Menes) 3100 BC The
Archaic Period
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The Old Kingdom, or Age of the Pyramids,
2686-2181 BC
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The Rosetta Stone
196 BC Ptolemy V
Discovered in
1799
3½ x 2 ½
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• Jean Francois Champollion
• took 13 years to decipher the Rosetta Stone,
  1822.
• At 5-read French and Latin
• At 11-translated Virgil Horace into french
• At 15-mastered Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, Syrian,
  Ethiopian
• At 19-learned Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese
• At 32, began Rosetta Stone
• Father of Egyptology

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Civil War between Noble families ended the Old
Kingdom(Flood pattern of Nile changed-
floodwaters fell 12 feet reducing arable land by
40)
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Mentuhotep II gtre-established the central
government and built a new capital at
Thebesgtmajor rebuilding programgtdrained
swamps gtrestored irrigation systemsgtbuilt
canal to the Red SeagtRepelled the
Nubiansgttrade flourished with the Kush,
Syria, Mesopotamia and Crete

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  The Middle Kingdom, 2090-1650 BCE

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Thy Hyksos invasions, 1720 BC led to the 2nd
intermediate period

• Hyksos invaders introduce the chariot

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• Ahmose I - founder of the New Kingdom
• (1570-1070 BC

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Queen Hatshepsut, Restorer of Egypt (1479
- 1458 BC)
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Deir el-Bahri
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Thutmose IIIThe Napoleon of Egypt(1479-1426
BC)gt17 military campaigns during 32 year
reign- never lost a battle! gtcaptured
350 cities in Palestine Syria
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Akhenaton
1379-1362 BC Nefertiti
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Tutankhamen

• King Tuts burial mask.
• Howard Carter, 1922

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Abu Simbel- temple of Ramesses II (Ramesses the
Great)
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The Battle of Kadesh, 1275 BCE
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Temple of Horus, Ramesses III

• Hekla volcano in Iceland???
• Labor strikes
• Civil unrest
• Series of droughts
• Below-normal flooding
• Famine
• Official corruption
• Power grabs by High Priests at Thebes
• Invasions by Sea Peoples and Libyan tribesmen

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