The Future of Public Transport

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The Future of Public Transport In Pursuit of
Zero Emissions Jaimie Levin
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AC Transit

• Serving 1.5 million people in 13 cities
• 67 million passengers
• 650 buses
• 2,190 employees
• 309 million budget
• 105 lines (27 transbay)

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Addicted to Oil

• Less than 5 of Population Consumes 25 of World
  Oil
• 25 to 30 of Worlds Carbon Emissions
• Import 60 of The Oil We Consume
• 67 Consumed by Transportation
• Sources George Bush/ Data U.S. DOE
  Energy Information Agency

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United States VMT Growth
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Bay Area Transit Market Share
Total Person Trips/Weekday
Total Auto Person Trips/Weekday
Total Transit Person Trips/Weekday
Source SF Bay Area MTC
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Travel-to-Work Market Share
Source U.S. Census Journey to Work 2000
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Getting Started with Hydrogen

• ZEbus Test November 1999
• NeBus Test 2000
• California Fuel Cell Partnership 2000
• ISE/UTC Thor Bus 2003/2004

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Whats A Fuel Cell?

• An electrical generator
• NOT a battery
• A chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
• Emits only water vapor and heat
• 120 kW to 200 kW of output

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Opening Dedication March 13, 2006
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26 Partners 21 Million
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What Motivates Us?

• Public Health urban centers/people at risk
• Quality of Life quiet buses
• Cost Savings Reduced life cycle costs
• Hydrogens Potential Value
• Sustainability Diversified and Renewable
  Energy Supply
• Energy Independence (National Security)
• Reduction in Global Warming

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Why Transit?

• The Real World vs. Super Computer Unlimited
  Variables
• Government as Early Adopter and Change Agent
  (RD Tech Validation)
• Centralized Fueling and Maintenance
• Professionally Trained Staff
• Public Exposure
• Energy Benefits of Using Transit

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Our Customers

• 200,000 Passengers
• 500,000 _at_ Events
• Clean
• Quiet
• Smooth

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18 Line
Line Pull-out Pull-in Total Hours Platform Miles Miles/Kg Kg/Day
18 451a 1203x 1912 199.06 7 28.44
18 516a 1223x 1907 199.06 7 28.44
18 611a 1143p 1732 170.74 7 24.39
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Emissions Reduction 3 Buses

• 316Tons of CO2 (40 50 Net Reduction,
  Well-to-Wheel)
• 3,330Pounds of NOx
• 40 Pounds of Particulates
• 21,000 gallons of diesel saved

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Performance
Mileage 90,000 miles
Fuel Economy 70 to 100 better (8,000 lbs. handicap)
Reliability 6,900 MBRC (March 2008)
Power 18 Grades Cruises at 65 mph
Braking Regenerative Braking Smooth
Acceleration Smooth Electric Propulsion
Integrated Technology Cheaper, Smaller, More Powerful
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Next-Generation Design 2009

• Several Thousands Pounds Lighter
• Better Energy Storage
• Lower profile
• 55 mph
• 12 Grade
• 8 to 12 Buses
• 2.2 Million

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Fuel Cell Cars

• 9 Hyundai Tucson/Kia Sportage SUVs
• Operated by AC Transit Road Supervisors (150
  mi/day)

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Fuel Cell Flashlights
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Oakland Energy Station

• Made from Natural Gas
• 150 kg/day 366 kg Storage
• Solar Offsets
• 20,191 kg to date

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Solar Power 775,500 kWh/Yr

• Steam Reformer
• 273,000 kWh/Yr

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Advanced Demo 37M

• SF Bay Region (27M)
• State of California (4M)
• Federal (3.5M)
• Regional Air District (2M)

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Bay Area

• 5 Transit Agencies(gt2,500 vehicles)
• 12 New Buses in 2009
• Expanded Fueling(360 kg/day)
• Shared Service

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Evaluation

• In Partnership with NREL, DOE, FTA
• Ongoing study
• Compared to Control Fleet of Diesel/CNG Buses

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Outreach/Training

• Employee Training (400 Drivers 176
  Mechanics)
• 1st Responder Training (400)
• Community Outreach (8,500)

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Education
HyTEC Curriculum DOE 350,000 1st AC
Transit 130,000 2nd AC Transit 300,000
Conference/Learning Center Chevron 380,000
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High School Education
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Commercialization Thresholds

1. Performance (Reliability and Durability)
2. Cost (CapEx and Life Cycle)
3. Packaging (Weight 8,200 lb delta, and size)
4. Fuel (Purity, Cost, Speed, STORAGE)

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Fuel 1 Challenge
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Government Role

• Early Adopters Fund Advanced Demonstrations in
  Support of Technology Validation
• Support Evaluation and Education
• Bridge the Funding Gap in Support of Deployment
• 49 MM Over Four Years Not Enough
• Re-authorization of Transportation Bill

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www.actransit.org/environment