The%20Right%20to%20Be%20Free:

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The Right to Be Free Writers in the Time of
Revolution pp. 256-58
General George Washington
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As you read the selections from the book, and
complete the activities, you will acquire the
skills to
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1.) Complete the assessment successfully
and 2.) Write a convincing persuasive paper.
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Objectives of unit

• 1.) To understand the following literary terms
• a.) Rhetoric- Art of communicating ideas
• b.) Logical appeal- Rational arguments to
  support writers claims.
• c.) Generalization- Make broad, rather than
  specific, statements
• d.) Inductive- Draw conclusions from particular
  instances or facts
• e.) Ethical appeal- Base argument on shared
  moral values
• f.) Repetition- Recurrence of words, phrases
  or lines
• g.) Rhetorical question- A question to which no
  answer is expected because the answer
  is obvious.

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• h.) Persuasive rhetoric- Reasoned arguments in
  favor of or against particular beliefs or
  courses of action.
• i.) Deductive- Come to a conclusion based on
  reasoning.
• j.) Premise- An assumption serving as the
  basis of an argument.
• k.) Emotional appeal- Base argument on specific
  examples of suffering or potential threats.
• l.) Elevated language-Language that is of a
  higher moral, cultural or intellectual level.
• m.) Parallelism- When a speaker or writer
  expresses feelings of equal worth with the
  same grammatical form.

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• 2.) To recognize logical modes of persuasion
• 3.) To evaluate credibility of sources
• 4.) To analyze how reasoned arguments are
• 5.) To analyze clearly written texts

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To be effective a persuasive writer will

• Clearly state the issue and position
• Give an opinion and support it with facts and
  reasons
• Take opposing views into account
• Use sound logic and effective language
• Conclude by summing up reasons or calling for
  action

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Persuasive Rhetoric (pp. 260-261)
1.) The Workings of an argument a.) logical
appeals b.) emotional appeals c.) ethical
appeals 2.) Styles of Persuasion a.) elevated
language b.) rhetorical questions c.)
repetition
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Writers addressed the following areas in the
years before and during the Revolutionary
War a.) Law b.) History c.) Philosophy d.)
Religion
John Adams
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Law Much of the legal argument for revolution
came from the idea that taxes should not be
levied without consent of the people. It is a
principle that dates back to the Magna Carta, an
English document signed by King John in 1215.
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History By April 19, 1775, the colonists had
fought at Lexington and Concord, Mass.the city
of Boston was under siege, and most of the 2nd
Continental Congress opposed independence.
Battle Mural-April 19, 1775
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In 1776, however, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia
introduced a resolution for independence. John
Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson
were appointed to draft a document
which ultimately became The Declaration of
Independence. It was formally adopted in July,
1776 after rigorous debate among the Congress.
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Philosophy leaders John Locke
(1632-1704) English Philosopher Adam Smith
(1723-1790) Scottish Philosopher and
economist Jean Jacques Rousseau
(1712-78) Swiss-French Philosopher and
political theorist
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John Lockes Theories 1.) Natural
Rights 2.) Three part government a.)
legislative b.) executive c.) judicial 3.)
Separate church and state
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Adam Smiths Theories 1.) Against slavery
because a.) inefficient 1.) Land 2.)
Labor 2.) Proponent of Capitalism a.)
laissez faire 1.) Leave alone
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J.J. Rousseaus Theories 1.) Belief in
natural man a.) All were good and equal 2.)
Right of revolution a.) America and
France 3.) Education a.) Drawing out
knowledge in child
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Religious aspects 1.) Encouragement to
revolt a.) Protestant ministers 2.)
Social a.) Day without work to discuss
current events 3.) Political a.) Forum for
debate
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So Legal, historical, philosophical, and
religious thought and events lead people like
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Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Thomas
Jefferson, Olympe de Gouges, Phillis Wheatley,
Abigail Adams, Michel-Guillaume Jean
de Crevecoeur, and Benjamin Franklin to think
and write about our great new experiment!
The Liberty Bell
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Their words and actions would inspire a
generation during the Civil Rights
Movement (almost 200 years later)to assert their
liberty as well, including 1.) Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. 2.) Malcolm X 3.) Rodolfo
Gonzalez
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The first warning was from
Patrick Henry (1736-1799) of Virginia in his
Speech in the Virginia Convention (pp. 262-67)
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Next, came the draft of The Declaration of
Independence (pp. 270-279) By Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)
Thomas Jefferson
He would become our 3rd President, and the
architect of his home.
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But there was a war to fight
and Thomas Paine (1737-1809), an English
citizen, wrote The Crisis and Common
Sense hoping to inspire the downtrodden
Continental Army.
Thomas Paine
Washington Crossing the Delaware
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Women, one the wife of a statesman, and one a
former slave asserted their rights as well 1.)
Phillis Wheatley (1753?-1784) 2.) Abigail
Adams (1744-1818) Their letters appear on pp.
282-288
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But perhaps it takes an immigrant to know the
true meaning of America Michel-Guillaume Jean
de Crevecoeur (1735-1813) wrote Letters From an
American Farmer, published in 1782. His essay
What is an American? appears on pp. 289-293
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Sometimes called The Original American,
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) gave us service,
inventions, and humor as we went from a colony
to a country. An excerpt from Poor Richards
Almanack (p. 292) helps us understand our
country.
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But freedom came later for some Americansand Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-68) was someone who
helped others do something about it. The
excerpt from Stride Toward Freedom (pp. 301-304)
addresses this.
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Giving a different, more violent belief--at
first--was a man who became known as Malcolm X
(1925-65). An interview (pp. 305-7) sheds light
on his message.
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A Chicano voice, and an amateur Boxing champion,
Rodolfo Gonzalez (1928- ) became a social
activist who concentrates on demanding rights for
Americans. One of his poems I am Joaquin
appears on pp. 310-317.
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Todays homework Read pages 270-277
Mel Gibson, ironically an Australian, portrayed a
South Carolinan in The Patriot (2000)