Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious Awareness

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Subordinate Categorization Requires Conscious
Awareness

• Ido Amihai, Leon Deouell, and Shlomo Bentin

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Introduction

• Faces can be discriminated from other objects,
  even when they are not consciously visible
• However, it is not clear which type of
  subordinate information is processed (identity?
  Race? Gender? Expression? Just categorical?)

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Methods Gender and Race Adaptation (Webster,
Kaping, Mizokami Kuhamel, 2004)
Adaptor (male/female)
Target (unclear gender)
Adaptation effect (adaptor and target were
incongruent ) - (adaptor and target were
congruent)
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Methods
Female
male
Asian
European
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
CFS (invisible)
Dominant
No CFS (visible)
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
1000 / 2500 / 4000 / 5000 ms
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Methods
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
300ms (ISI)
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Methods
Dominant
300ms (ISI)
300ms (ISI)
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Predictions

• The occurrence of a bias when the adaptor is
  invisible would indicate that information about
  gender and race can be extracted from invisible
  faces.
• If the bias would occur only when the adaptors
  are visible, it would mean that such information
  is dependent on conscious awareness.

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Results
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The Correlation between effect size and visibility
p lt 0.025
p 0.12
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Summary

• The goal of the present study was to determine
  whether information about race and gender can be
  processed without awareness.
• We examined whether the presentation of adaptor
  faces can bias the classification of an ambiguous
  faces gender or race when the adaptor is not
  consciously visible.

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Conclusions

• An adaptation effect occurred that correlates and
  increases with subjective visibility.
• Information about a faces gender and race depends
  on the amount of time that a face is subjectively
  visible for.