Aim:%20What%20were%20the%20causes%20of%20the%20Russian%20Revolution?

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Aim What were the causes of the Russian
Revolution?
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Key Terms

• Autocrat Ruler with absolute power (Absolute
  Monarch)
• Emancipate To set free
• Duma Elected representative legislature (i.e.
  Parliament)
• Proletariat Industrial Working Class/Urban Poor

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Czarist (Tsarist)Russia

• 1) Most Populous Nation in Europe
• 2) Rigid Social Class Structure
• Serf Class is Emancipated (Freed)
• 3) Autocracy Leader has TOTAL power
• 4) Czars DO NOT MEET THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
• 5) Not as Industrialized as Western Europe
• GFMNP ? REVOLUTION

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Leaders in Russia

• Czar or Tsar Russian Ruler
• Czar Nicholas II
• Brutal Leader
• Czar Alexander II
• Abolished Serfdom
• Czar Alexander III

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Problems in Russia

• Citizens are Internally Divided
• Only ½ Population is Russian, All have different
  needs
• Not as industrialized as Western Europe
• No Voice in Government (No representation)/Needs
  are not being met
• Harsh Working Conditions/Lives for Poor
• Russo-Japanese War (lost) WWI

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Bloody Sunday

• January 22, 1905
• 200,000 workers approached the czars winter
  palace in St. Petersburg
• Petition for
• 1) Better Working Conditions
• 2) More Freedom/Personal Liberties
• 3) Representation in Government/Elected
  Legislature
• Troops open fire on workers
• ? Led to More Violence

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Bloody Sunday
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Early Reform in Russia

• 1) Czar Nicholas II created the Duma
• Duma Parliament, Elected Legislature
• 2) Prime Minister Peter Stolypin
• Cracked down on revolutionaries
• Agricultural/Educational Reforms to help peasants

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World War I

• Tsar Enters War to Unify Nation
• TOTAL DISASTER
• 1) Nicholas II moves to the Eastern Front to run
  army
• No LEADERSHIP ? Tsarina is in charge
• 2) Russian Army is not well equipped (lack of
  industry)
• 3) Many young Russians are dying
• 4) War is expensive/People are starving

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The March Revolution

• March 1917 Women Textile Workers Strike
• Down with the Autocracy, Down with the War
• 200,000 Stormed the Streets Soldiers ordered to
  shoot rioters but joined them instead
• Czar Nicholas II Steps Down
• Duma established a Provisional Government headed
  by Alexander Kerensky (moderate socialist)
• Free Elections, Free Speech, Freedom to Assembly
  and Freedom of Religion

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November BOLSHEVIK Revolution

• V.I. Lenin Leads Bolsheviks
• Peace, Land and Bread
• Bolshevik Red Guards toppled Provisional
  Government
• Bolsheviks in Power
• Lenin ordered all farmland to be delivered to
  peasants
• Gave control of factories to workers
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (leaves WWI)

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Socialism/Marxism in Russia

• Karl Marx Philosophy
• Proletariat would overthrow government
• Proletariat Industrial Working Class
• Russian Marxists Split into 2 Groups
• Mensheviks Moderate
• Bolsheviks Radical
• Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
• Socialist Revolutionaries Formed Soviets
• Soviets Local councils of workers, peasants and
  soldiers

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Civil War in Russia

• White Army (Loyalists) vs. Red Army (Communists)
• Leon Trotsky Leads Red Army
• 14 Million Dead
• Famine, Fighting, Flu
• Lenin Restores Order
• RUSSIA 1st COMMUNIST Nation

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IMPACT OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

• Civil War is won by the BOLSHEVIKS (Communists)
• Lenin takes over as Dictator
• NEW ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)
• 1) Small Scale Capitalism
• 2) Peasants could sell surplus crops
• 3) Government kept control of major industries
• Country Recovers from Civil War
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

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Aim How did Russia become a Totalitarian State?
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Totalitarianism

• Totalitarian State A state in which the
  government controls ALL aspects of its citizens
  lives.
• Command Economy Government officials make all
  basic economic decisions.

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• Purges Attempts to get rid of any DISSENT in
  society (Violent)
• Collectivization Process of combining all
  private land and placing it under government
  control.
• Propaganda One sided information used by the
  government to persuade the public
• Censorship Limiting or regulating ALL MEDIA by
  the government

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Aim What was daily life like under Joseph Stalin?
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Industrialization

• Increased Steel Production
• Trans Siberian Railroad
• Increased Factories
• Harsh Working Conditions, Low Wages, Child Labor
• Government Outlawed Unions
• Industrialization Leads to Discontent

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• Features of Totalitarian Rule
• Dynamic Leader
• Police Terror
• Indoctrination (Education)
• Propaganda/Censorship
• Religious/Ethnic Persecution

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Stalins 5 Year Plans

• Goals
• Build Heavy Industry
• Improve Transportation
• Increase Farm Output
• COLLECTIVES (Heavy Resistance)

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Results of the 5 Year Plans

• High Production Goals
• Production Increased
• Quotas ? Low Quality
• Central Planning
• Surpluses/Shortages
• Few Consumer Goods

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• Aim What was Stalins Legacy in the Soviet
  Union?

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STALINS LEGACY

• 1934 The Great Purge
• Attacks against anyone that was a threat to
  power. 8 13 Million Dead
• Ukrainian Forced Famine (Terror Famine)
• Kulaks Wealth Farmers, Resisted
  Collectivization, Liquidate the Kulaks
• Forced Starvation 10-15 Million Dead

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Religious Persecution

• Replace Religion with Communism
• Police Destroyed Churches and Synagogues?Killed
  Clergy
• POGROMS Waves of Violence Against Jews

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Daily Life Under Stalin

• Women's Role Expanded in Workforce
• Harsh Life
• Increased Education and Technical Skills
• NO INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM

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