End of the War

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End of the War

• EQ How did the Americans finally defeat the
  British, and earn their independence?

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Phase III The Southern Strategy 1780-1781
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Britains Southern Strategy

• Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in
  the South.
• Southern resources were more valuable/worth
  preserving.
• The British win a number of small victories, but
  cannot pacify the countryside

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New Orleans and Spain

• Spain offered U.S. ships safe port in New Orleans
• Spanish Gov. Bernardo de Galvez provided money
  and supplies to the Continental Army in the
  South.
• Why did Spain decide to help after Saratoga?
• Hint End of the French and Indian War result
• Spain wanted Florida back, which had been taken
  after the FI War.

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Major Southern Battles

• Savannah, GA and Charleston, SC captured
• Battle of Camden, SC
• Battle of Kings Mountain (border of NC SC)
• Battle of Guilford Courthouse, NC
• Battle of Cowpens (SC)

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Battle at Cowpens (SC)

• Gen. Daniel Morgan had ½ of the Southern Army
  under his command
• Sent a scout unit ahead to engage the main
  British Army and then retreat.
• British chased the small unit in an attempt to
  kill them, and ran into the main American force,
  including cavalry.
• After the Southern campaign, Cornwallis needed
  reinforcements and fled to Virginia to meet the
  Royal Navy

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The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
AdmiralDe Grasse
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• British General Lord Cornwallis moved his troops
  to Virginia to set up camp and wait for
  reinforcements.
• The time was right for Washington to set the
  ultimate trap. James Armistead (a slave) was a
  double spy and gave Washington information
• Washington had over 16,000 American and French
  soldiers ready to fight
• Cornwallis was not impressed, he opted to board
  British ships and sail to New York
• Before he could leave, a fleet of French
  battleships sailed into the BayCornwallis was
  now trapped.

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Washington would lead a three week attack on the
British
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Trapped, Lord Cornwallis surrendered on Oct 17,
1781the Americans had won their INDEPENDENCE!
Maps
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Treaty of Paris 1783

• Great Britain recognized the United States as an
  independent nation
• United States gained all land east of the
  Mississippi River from Canada to Florida
• U.S. agreed to ask the States to return property
  seized from loyalistsMost states refused,
  especially MA (shocker).

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