Thermodynamics I

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Open Channel

• Storm water
• Irrigation
• Waste water collection and treatment

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• Types of open channel flows
• Steady flow when discharge (Q) does not change
  with time.
• Uniform flow when depth of fluid does not
  change for a selected length or section of the
  channel
• Uniform steady flow when discharge does not
  change with time and depth remains constant for a
  selected section.
• cross section should remain unchanged referred
  to as a prismatic channel

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Open Channel Flow

• Hydraulic radius
• R A/WP
• Do not include free surface in wetted perimeter.

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Open Channel Flow

• Re V R/?
• Laminar flow Re lt 500
• Turbulent flow Re gt 2000

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Best Hydraulic Section

• Design criteria

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Manning Equation

• USCS
• Q (a/n) A R2/3 So1/2
• a 1.49
• SI a 1.0

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Weirs

• Rectangular
• V-notch
• Cipolletti

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Hydraulic Jump

• Design concern
• Tidal bore

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