Planning in production systems

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Planning in production systems
Slovak University of Technology Faculty of
Material Science and Technology in Trnava

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Planning in production systems

• Production and control planning tasks oriented
  on customer order map out production control and
  for process production coordination of its flow
  to fulfill its realization in optimal relations.
• One of the fundamental functions of plant
  control function plan, organize, control and
  coordinate all next functions.

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• Market requirements
• broad product diversification
• short delivery dates
• low prices
• innovations at high quality

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Operational management basis

• Organisation
• has justification only when it is satisfying
  the customer needs. Result of the organisation
  activity is so-called serduct (what is
  satisfying the customer), which may be
• material (product)
• non-material (service, information etc.).
• Customer
• may be situated outside but also inside the
  organization too
• may want the product or to be user of the
  system
• has necessity

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• Each organization can be then represented as the
  hierarchy of input/output diagrams

Figure 1 Input/output diagram
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• Mentioned activities can be merged into two big
  groups
• marketing part
• operational
• (production) part

decreasing feasibility
increasing fruitfulness
Figure 2 Marketing and production part of the
organization
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• Production part includes own transformation
  process - i.e. process which transforms inputs
  to outputs. vzor textu
• Input all what enter the process (e.g.
  material, energy, work etc.)

Figure 3 Transformation process example
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Control levels (hierarchy)

• Strategic control level - top management
  strategic decision-making to the future -gt plans
  for 5 to 20 years long time targets
• Executive control level - executive management -gt
  plans for 1 to 2 years.
• Operational management -gt 1 to 3 months job
  control
• Production units
• Workplaces
• Activator

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• Character of the plans and its determination is
  different for each level top down shortening
  time of realization and request instantiation.
• To control as a activity is needed
• planning (plan creation, target definition)
• regulation
• feedback (evidence of trajectory and regulation
  intervention).
• There can occur following events by control
• required state does not correspond with real -gt
  the control does not change - ideal state
• required state does not correspond with real -gt
  we try to minimalize the aberrance by regulation
  to approximate to required state, eventually it
  is necessary to change the plan.

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Groups of factors affecting Production and
Operations Management

• Definition
• Production and Operations Management ("POM") is
  about the
• transformation of production and operational
  inputs into "outputs" that,
• when distributed, meet the needs of customers.

Figure 4 Conversion Process
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Product

• Marketers in a business must ensure that a
  business sells products that meet customer needs
  and wants. The role of Production and Operations
  is to ensure that the business actually makes the
  required products in accordance with the plan.
  The role of PRODUCT in POM therefore concerns
  areas such as
• Performance
• Aesthetics
• Quality
• Reliabilit
• Quantity
• Production costs
• Delivery dates

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Plant

• To make PRODUCT, PLANT of some kind is needed.
  This will comprise the bulk of the fixed assets
  of the business. In determining which PLANT to
  use, management must consider areas such as
• Future demand (volume, timing)
• Design and layout of factory, equipment, offices
• Productivity and reliability of equipment
• Need for (and costs of) maintenance
• Heath and safety (particularly the operation of
  equipment)
• Environmental issues (e.g. creation of waste
  products)

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Processes

• There are many different ways of producing a
  product. Management must choose the best process,
  or series of processes. They will consider
• Available capacity
• Available skills
• Type of production
• Layout of plant and equipment
• Safety
• Production costs
• Maintenance requirements

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Programmes

• The production PROGRAMME concerns the dates and
  times of the products that are to be produced and
  supplied to customers. The decisions made about
  programme will be influenced by factors such as
• Purchasing patterns (e.g. lead time)
• Cash flow
• Need for / availability of storage
• Transportation

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People

• Production depends on PEOPLE, whose skills,
  experience and motivation vary. Key
  people-related decisions will consider the
  following areas
• Wages and salaries
• Safety and training
• Work conditions
• Leadership and motivation
• Unionization
• Communication

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Figure 5 Production and Operations Management