The Rise

1
The Rise Spread of Islam

• Leaning Goal 2 Describe the historical origins,
  central ideas, and early spread of Islam.
  (TEKS/SEs 23A, 23B)

2
Islam Briefly

• Islam is the second most popular religion in the
  world with over a billion followers. Islam began
  in Arabia and was revealed to humanity by the
  Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
• Prophet One who foretells future events.
• Those who follow Islam are called Muslims.
  Muslims believe that there is only one God,
  called Allah, who speaks Arabic.
• Islam means to submit.
• Muslim means one who submits.

Mohammad praying at the Kabah

• Notes
• 2nd biggest religion over 1 bill.
• Monotheism
• Started in Arabia w/ Mohammad

3
The Historical Origins of Islam

• Before Islam
• Arabian Peninsula is populated with Polytheistic
  Bedouin tribes
• Mecca is the center of trade in the region
• Shrine (Kaaba) in the middle of Mecca where
  tribes place idols to the various gods
• Mohammad (c570-632)
• Born on the Arabian Peninsula in present day
  Saudi Arabia
• Successful merchant/trader
• 610-While meditating in a cave he received a
  revelation from God to spread monotheism to the
  Arabian tribes

• Notes
• b/4 Islam polytheism
• Mecca center of trade
• Kaaba shrine in Mecca
• Mohammad
• Successful trader
• Receives message to spread monotheism

4

• Mohammad starts spreading the message of Islam
• Gains a small following of family friends
• They are the first Muslims
• The Muslims are met with hostility by the Mecca
  elite the merchant class Why were they
  hostile to the Muslims?
• They felt that Mohammad threatened their power
• They feared that his message of monotheism would
  discourage travel to Mecca by polytheists
• They felt that this would be bad for business
• Mohammad his followers are kicked out of Mecca
  in 622 CE

5

• Hijrah 622 AD the beginning of the Islamic
  calendar
• Mohammad followers fled from Mecca to Medina
  and established the first Muslim community
• Over the next several years the religious leader
  Mohammad also became a political military
  leader
• Muslim community grew from 313 to 10,000
• 630 AD Mecca is conquered
• Mohammad returned to Mecca with his army of
  followers
• Muslims took control of the city
• Mohammad made the Kaaba a sacred shrine for
  Muslims

• Notes
• Hijrah 622 AD
• Muslims flee from Mecca to Medina
• Start Muslim calendar
• Mohammad religious, political, military
  leader
• 630 AD Muslims conquer Mecca
• Kaaba sacred shrine for Muslims

6

• Notes
• 632 AD Mohammad died
• Crisis of legitimacy Sunni Shia split
• Umayyad Caliphate beginsSunni
• Caliphs relig. political leader
• Tolerant of Jews Christians

• Mohammad died in 632 AD
• He died without a son
• He had not named a successor
• Turn Talk What effect do you think
• this had on the Muslim community?
• Power vacuum and crisis of legitimacy
• Who was the rightful ruler of the Muslims?
• Leads to the Sunni Shia split
• Shia want Ali, the son-in-law of Mohammad
• Sunni support a man from the Umayyad family
• Umayyad family gains political control the
  Umayyad ruler became the caliph (leader)
• The Caliphate-
• Caliphs viewed as both religious political
  leaders
• Islam is the unifying force amongst Arab tribes
• Muslims tolerant of Jews Christians (People of
  the Book )

7
Central Ideas of Islam

• Monotheism
• Mohammad is the Seal of the Prophets
• Hes the last one of the monotheistic prophets
• Adam -gtNoah -gt Abraham -gt Moses -gt Jesus -gt
  Mohammad
• Mohammad is not divine, hes just the final
  prophet
• Five Pillars of Faith - Core practices of Muslims
• Declaration of faith
• Prayer 5 times a day
• Charity
• Fasting during holy month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage to Mecca
• Quran is the holy text
• Salvation equality of all believers

• Notes
• Monotheism
• Mohammad final prophet
• 5 Pillars
• Declare faith
• Prayer x 5
• Charity
• Fasting
• Pilgrimage
• Quran
• Mecca Holy city - Kaaba
• Salvation equality

8
The Five Pillars of Islam

• Shahadah Declaration of Faith La ilaha illa
  Allah. Muhammad rasul Allah. There is no god
  but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God. By
  openly reciting this, one enters Islamic faith.
• Salah PrayerMuslims are required to pray five
  times a day, washing themselves before prayer and
  facing in the direction of Mecca while praying.
• Zakat Charity Muslims are required to give away
  a percentage of their earnings to those less
  fortunate, regardless of their religion.
• Sawm Fasting during the month of RamadanMuslims
  fast for one lunar month each year, a period
  called Ramadan. During this time, Muslims reflect
  on their behavior and strive to purify their
  thoughts.
• Hajj Pilgrimage to MeccaIf it is financially
  possible, Muslims are required to travel to Mecca
  once in their lifetime.

9
The Hajj
The Kaaba

• HijjahThe month of pilgrimage during which all
  Muslims, at least once in their life, should try
  to make the pilgrimage, called the Hajj, to Mecca
  and worship at the Kaaba.
• Pilgrimage Journey to a shrine or holy place.
• Hajj

• Notes
• Hajj pilgrimage to holy city of Mecca
• Worship at the Kaaba

The Mosque of the Prophet in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
10
The Quran

• The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an.
• It is considered the unaltered 'word of God'.
• Every word every letter is sacred
• Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the
  Qur'an.
• It is read from right to left and written in
  Arabic, the language of heaven.

• Notes
• Quran Muslim holy text
• Basis of Muslim beliefs practices
• Written in Arabic

The Quran
11
The Mosque
Minaret

• Mosque
• The Muslim building for communal worship
• from the Arabic for "place of prostration".
• Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day
  from minarets towers on the mosque corners.
• Mosques contain only designs, no people or
  animals or furniture.
• Normal day of worship is Friday.

Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, Egypt

• Notes
• Mosque Muslim place of worship
• Go to Mosque on Friday
• Minarets towers for call to prayer

Interior of the Mosque
12
Spread of Islam

• By the 8th century the Muslim Empire the
  religion of Islam spread through conquest ,
  trade, missionaries
• By Conquest
• East to India
• West to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
• By Trade
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• East Africa
• By Sufi missionaries
• Through India
• Southeast Asia

• Notes
• Islam rapidly spreads
• Spain, North Africa, India
• Spread by conquest, trade, and missionaries