Title: Perennial Flowers: Bed Preparation, Maintenance, and Design
1Perennial Flowers Bed Preparation, Maintenance,
and Design
- David Hillock
- Assistant Extension Specialist/
- Consumer Horticulture
2Perennial Flowers
- Advantages
- Easy to grow, more permanent
- Versatile, sturdy, relatively cheap
- Change of color over season
- Variation in texture form
- Movable
3Perennial Flowers
- Disadvantages
- Short bloom period
- Pruning to keep attractive
- Require division
4Site Selection Soil Preparation cont.
- Preparing soil is more important since
undisturbed for longer periods
5Planting
- Planting times
- Late summer- or fall-flowering plant in spring
- Spring-flowering plant in late summer or fall
- Allow sufficient time to establish before bloom
or onset of cold weather
6Planting cont.
- Allow plenty of space for spread
- Plant in clumps or groups of same variety
- Plan for succession of color/interest throughout
season
7Maintenance
- Water regularly
- Encourage deep, healthy roots
- Soaker hoses or drip
- Allow to dry moderately between watering
- Water occasionally during winter
8Maintenance cont.
- Mulching
- apply light mulch 1 - 2 inches thick
- shades out weed seed
- moderates soil temperatures
- holds moisture
- apply in winter after several killing frosts
- Do not pile mulch too heavy
9Maintenance cont.
- Deadheading remove spent, dried-up flowers and
seed pods - Maintain vigor
- Assure neatness
The Readers Digest Association, Inc./GID
10Maintenance cont.
- Disbudding
- Gain larger blooms
- Remove small side buds
- Staking
- Stake at planting or before new growth begins
Ohio State University
Iowa State University
11Maintenance cont.
- Fertilize based on soil tests
- Do not overfertilize
- Light fertilization of balanced fertilizer is
best - Apply in spring
12Maintenance cont.
- Fall care
- Remove dead foliage if disease or insects have
been present - Apply winter mulch after soil temperatures drop
13Maintenance cont.
- Division
- Divide opposite flowering time, however, many can
be divided in fall or late winter - Select only vigorous side shoots
14Flower Species from A to Z
15Shade perennial garden
16Acanthus mollis Bears breech
- Flower Colors purple, white
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 3-4
- Culture shade-part shade
- Utilization shade garden, texture plant
17Whitewater
18Aegopodium podagraria bishops weed
- Flower Colors white - ns, foliage green with
white margins - Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 8-10
- Culture full sun or shade, can be invasive, cut
back old foliage with mower - Utilization groundcover
19Ajuga reptans carpet bugleweed
- Flower Colors violet-blue, red, white or purple
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 6-9 mat-like
- Culture sun, shade, tolerates poor soil
- Utilization groundcover
20Alchemilla mollis Ladys Mantle
- Flower Colors yellowish-green or chartreuse
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 8-10 tall (flower stems up to 18), 24
wide - Culture part shade or full sun moist, fertile
soil - Utilization border, ground cover, rock garden,
cut flower
21Anemone x hybrida Japanese anemone
- Flower Colors white or pink
- Bloom time late summer and fall
- Habit 2-4
- Culture morning sun, part shade fertile, moist,
well-drained soil - Utilization border
22Aquilegia columbine
- Flower Colors blue, purple, pink, red, yellow,
white - Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 1-3 erect
- Culture full sun to part shade excellent
drainage - Utilization borders, naturalized settings, cut
23(No Transcript)
24(No Transcript)
25Black Barlow
26Arum italicum Pictum Italian Arum
- Flower Colors whitish-green spotted with purple
- Bloom time late spring
- Habit 12-18 clump
- Culture full to part shade keep moist
spring/early summer - Utilization borders, naturalized settings
orange-red berries
27Athyrium nipponicum Pictum Japanese painted
fern
- Flower Colors NS, foliage coarsely divided, gray
to glaucous hue - Habit 12-18, clump
- Culture part to full shade, moist humus-rich
soil do not allow to dry - Utilization border, accent
28Begonia grandis Hardy Begonia
- Flower Colors pink
- Bloom time late summer/fall
- Habit 2 tall, loose sprays of flower clusters
over clump of broad, green leaves - Culture part/full shade, moist humus-rich soil
tolerates deep shade and walnut trees - Utilization border, woodland
29(No Transcript)
30Bletilla striata Hardy Orchid
- Flower Colors purplish pink
- Bloom time spring
- Habit stiffly upright, 12 tall, 9 wide
- Culture part shade, moist, organic amended soil
do not let dry out - Utilization border, rock garden, containers
31Brunnera macrophylla Siberian bugloss
- Flower Colors blue
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 12-18, clump
- Culture part to full shade, moist, well-drained
soil - Utilization perennial border, naturalized
planting, deciduous groundcover
32Galium odoratum sweet woodruff
- Flower Color white - fragrant
- Bloom time late spring
- Habit 4-6, groundcover with erect stems
- Culture part to full shade moist, well-drained
soil - Utilization rock garden, naturalized, ground
cover
33Hakonechloa macra hakone grass
- Flower Color not showy bamboo-like foliage
bright green to yellow pinkish red fall color - Habit 1-2, weep horizontally
- Culture moist, well-drained soil light shade to
half-day sun - Utilization ground cover, border, containers
34Helleborus spp. Hellebores, Lenten rose
- Flower Colors white, pink, spotted, plum
- Bloom time late winter to spring
- Habit 12-18 tall and wide evergreen foliage
- Culture part shade, high organic, well-drained
soil neutral to slightly alkaline - Utilization border, cut, hummingbirds/bees
unpalatable to deer, rabbits, gophers and moles
poisonous
35(No Transcript)
36Heuchera sanguinea coral bells, alum root
- Flower Colors white, pink, red
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 12-20 tall, 12 wide
- Culture part shade, well-drained soil
- Utilization border, cut, hummingbirds/bees
37Amber Waves
Pewter Veil
Palace Purple
38Harmonic Convergence
39x Heucherella
- Flower Colors white, pink, red
- Bloom time mid spring to early summer
- Habit 12-18 tall, spreading, clump forming
ground cover - Culture part shade, well-drained soil
- Utilization border, ground cover
40Sunspot
41Lamium maculatum spotted deadnettle
- Flower Colors mauve-pink, pink, white
- Bloom time late spring to mid summer
- Habit wide spreading clump 8-12 tall
- Culture part to full shade well-drained, moist
soil - Utilization ground cover, edging for border
42Ligularia spp. Ragwort
- Flower Colors yellowish-orange
- Bloom time mid summer to early fall
- Habit mounded, 3-4 tall
- Culture part to full shade well-drained, moist
to wet soil - Utilization specimen, bog garden
43(No Transcript)
44(No Transcript)
45(No Transcript)
46Lycoris squamigera Resurrection Lily, Surprise
Lily
- Leaves appear in spring, then disappear in summer
- Flower scapes arise in late summer
- Full sun/part shade
47Lysimachia clethroides Gooseneck Loosestrife
- Flower Colors white
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 2-3 tall, 2-4 spread
- Culture full sun to part shade moist,
well-drained soil (aggressive spreader) - Utilization woodland, naturalized areas,
perennial border rabbit resistant
48Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turks Cap
- Flower Colors white, red, pink
- Bloom time late summer-fall
- Habit 4 tall and wide
- Culture part shade, shade, sun moist or dry
soils - Utilization woodland, naturalized areas,
perennial border drought tolerant native. Birds,
butterflies, hummingbirds.
49Polygonatum biflorum Solomons Seal
- Flower Colors yellowish green to greenish white
bluish black fruit in fall - Bloom time late spring
- Habit 2-3 tall with arching stems, 2 wide
- Culture shade cool, moist soil
- Utilization woodland, naturalized areas,
perennial border native to NA
50Pulmonaria Lungwort
- Flower Colors pink, white or blue variegated
foliage - Bloom time late spring
- Habit 1 spreading clump, 2 wide
- Culture full shade to part shade cool, moist
soil - Utilization front of border or as groundcover
single specimen
51Spigelia marilandica Indian Pink
- Flower Color red and yellow
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 1-2 tall, 1 ½ wide
- Culture part to full shade moist or dry soils
- Utilization woodland, perennial border, native
garden drought tolerant. Hummingbirds.
52Stylophorum diphyllum Celandine poppy,
woodland poppy
- Flower Colors bright yellow
- Bloom time spring
- Habit upright, 18 tall, 12 wide
- Culture shade well-drained, moist soil
- Utilization woodland garden, shade perennial
border (native)
53Tricyrtis hirta Toad Lily
- Flower Colors Pale lilac, pink, or red with
purple spots - Bloom time late summer, fall
- Habit upright, 2-3 tall, 2 wide
- Culture shade well-drained, moist soil
- Utilization woodland garden, shade perennial
border, deer resistant
54(No Transcript)
55Sun Perennial Garden
56Agastache anise-hyssop, hummingbird mint
- Flower Colors blue, red, pink, orange, white
- Bloom time late summer
- Habit 3 erect
- Culture sun, moist well-drained soil
- Utilization border bee, hummingbird, butterfly
flowers fragrant
Golden Jubilee
57Ajania pacifica Pacifica mum
- Flower Colors yellow, foliage gray green with
silver edge - Bloom time Oct.
- Habit 1-2, spreading to 3
- Culture sun, part-shade moist well-drained soil
- Utilization Rock gardens, border foregrounds,
containers. Attractive ground cover.
58Amorpha canescens Lead Plant
- Flower Colors purple with orange-tipped stamens
- Bloom time May-July
- Habit 3-4 shrub
- Culture sun, any soil
- Utilization border native garden (true prairie
plant)
59(No Transcript)
60Amsonia spp. Blue Star
- Flower Colors blue
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 3 upright spreading
- Culture sun, moist well-drained soil
- Utilization border native garden
Amsonia hubrichtii
61Amsonia Blue Ice
62Artemisia wormwood
- Flower Colors ns silver-white foliage
- Habit 1-4 rounded
- Culture sun, dry well-drained soil
- Utilization cut, bed, border
63Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed
- Flower Colors orange
- Bloom time late spring to mid summer
- Habit 18-36 tall
- Culture sun, dry infertile soil
- Utilization border, meadow, cut, butterfly
64Baptisia australis false indigo
- Flower Colors indigo-blue, white, yellow (B.
sphaerocarpa) - Bloom time mid to late spring
- Habit 3-4 erect, 4 wide
- Culture sun, part shade, well-drained soil, low
fertility, drought tolerant - Utilization specimen, border pods useful for
dried arrangements
65(No Transcript)
66Callirhoe involucrata winecup, poppy mallow
- Flower Colors deep reddish-purple
- Bloom time all summer
- Habit 6-12 tall, spread to 3
- Culture sun, tolerates dry soils, tap root
- Utilization border, rock garden, ground cover
67Ceratostigma plumbaginoides plumbago, leadwort
- Flower Colors dark blue
- Bloom time summer to late fall
- Habit 8-12 tall, 12-18 wide
- Culture part shade or full sun, well-drained
- Utilization ground cover, rock garden
68Chelone lyonii Pink Turtlehead
- Flower Colors pink also white and rose
flowering species - Bloom time late summer to early fall
- Habit 3 tall, 2 wide
- Culture part shade or full sun, consistently
moist to wet - Utilization along stream or pond, border, or
wild garden
69(No Transcript)
70Coreopsis verticillata threadleaf coreopsis,
whorled tickseed
- Flower Colors bright to clear yellow
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 2-3, dense, erect clump, 2 wide
- Culture sun, dry drought resistant
- Utilization border, naturalized area, wildflower
garden
71Zagreb
72Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora crocosmia, montbretia
- Flower Colors yellow, orange to orange-red
- Bloom time mid to late summer
- Habit 1-3 erect plant
- Culture full sun, moist, well-drained soil
- Utilization border, container, cut, hummingbird
plant
73Cynara cardunculus cardoon
- Flower Colors purple/lavender
- Bloom time late summer to fall
- Habit 3-6 h, 1-3 w
- Culture full sun, moist, well-drained soil
- Utilization close cousin to artichoke (edible),
border, container, specimen, cut
74(No Transcript)
75Delosperma nubigenum hardy ice plant
- Flower Colors yellow, (D. cooperi purple)
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 1 high spreading 3
- Culture sun, needs well drained soil tolerates
light, sandy soils - Utilization groundcover, rock garden
76Echinacea purpurea purple coneflower
- Flower Colors purple, white
- Bloom time summer
- Habit 2-4 erect, 2 wide
- Culture sun, light shade well-drained soil,
drought resistant - Utilization border, cut, naturalized area
77Magnus
78Sunset
Ruby Star Sunrise
Kims Knee High
Mango Meadowbright
79Tomato Soup
80Tiki Torch
81Pink Poodle
82Eupatorium spp. Joe Pye weed
- Flower Colors mauve pink, purple, white
- Bloom time late summer, fall
- Habit 2 - 7
- Culture sun to partial shade moist, wet soil
- Utilization border, rain garden butterflies
deer resistant
83Euphorbia spp. euphorbia, spurge
- Flower Colors yellow to chartreuse, orange-red
- Bloom time spring to early summer
- Habit 6- 3
- Culture sun to partial shade moist or dry
- Utilization border, rock garden
84Festuca cinerea blue fescue
- Flower Color NS, blue foliage
- Habit 6-10, dense, hemispherical clump
- Culture sun, part shade, well-drained tolerates
dry, infertile soil - Utilization edging, mass, groundcover
85Gaillardia x grandiflora blanket flower, Indian
blanket
- Flower Colors red, yellow, combinations
- Bloom time summer
- Habit 2-3
- Culture sun, light, well-drained soil
- Utilization cut, border
86Fanfare
Sundance Bicolor
87Gaura lindheimeri Gaura, whirling butterflies
- Flower Colors pink, white
- Bloom time early summer to frost
- Habit vase shaped to 5
- Culture sun, well-drained soil tap root,
drought tolerant - Utilization border
88(No Transcript)
89Geranium sanguineum cranesbill, bloodred
geranium
- Flower Colors magenta, pink, white
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 6-12, spread 24
- Culture part shade, moist soil will tolerate
full sun - Utilization border, rock garden, ground cover
90Helianthus angustifolius Swamp or Narrow-leaf
Sunflower
- Flower Colors yellow
- Bloom time fall
- Habit 6-7, 3-4 wide
- Culture full sun moist soil (native to wetland
areas) - Utilization border, accent
91Heliotropium amplexicaule Hardy Heliotrope
- Flower Colors violet with yellow center
- Bloom time spring to fall
- Habit 12, spread 2-3
- Culture full sun-part shade drought tolerant
- Utilization border, rock garden, ground cover
92Hibiscus coccineus Star Hibiscus, Scarlet Rose
Mallow, Swamp Hibiscus
- Flower Colors deep red
- Bloom time early to late summer
- Habit 3-6 tall
- Culture full sun-part shade wet soils, but
quite drought tolerant - Utilization border, bog garden rain garden
93(No Transcript)
94Lysimachia nummularia creeping jenny, moneywort
- Flower Colors yellow
- Bloom time late spring
- Habit 2-4, spreading
- Culture sun or shade moist soil
- Utilization rock garden, ground cover, edging
95Narcissus spp. daffodil, narcissus
- Flower Colors white, yellow, orange, orange-red,
pink shades - Bloom time spring
- Habit 6-24, erect
- Culture sun, part shade, well-drained soil
- Utilization naturalized area, border
96Nepeta spp. catmint
- Flower Colors lavender blue
- Bloom time spring
- Habit 1-2 h, 1 ½-3 w, mounding
- Culture sun, part shade, moist, well-drained
soil - Utilization border, herb or rock garden,
naturalized area, as groundcover attracts
butterflies bees
97Paeonia hybrids. peony, (P. suffruticosa)
tree peony
Photo courtesy monrovia.com
- Flower Colors various
- Bloom time late spring to early summer
- Habit 3, round habit
- Culture sun, light shade well-drained, deep
fertile soil - Utilization specimen in border, cut
98Panicum virgatum switchgrass
- Flower Colors pinkish, reddish, or silvery,
mature to grayish white foliage medium green, to
blue-green, or red depending on cultivar. - Bloom time summer to fall
- Habit 4-7, upright
- Culture sun, part shade dry or wet soils
- Utilization Native tallgrass prairie species,
naturalizing, border, Attracts birds.
Northwind
Cloud Nine
99(No Transcript)
100Penstemon barbatus penstemon, beardtongue
- Flower Colors scarlet pink, pink, orange, white
- Bloom time late spring to mid summer
- Habit 18-36, round
- Culture sun, tolerates dry, prefers moist soil
- Utilization naturalizing, border, cut
101Husker Red
102P. digitalis - Smooth Penstemon
103Rudbeckia grandiflora Large Coneflower
- Flower Color yellow
- Bloom time June-July
- Habit 2-3
- Culture sun, prefers well-drained, dry soil.
Very drought tolerant - Utilization border, wildflower/native
104(No Transcript)
105Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima
black-eyed-Susan
- Flower Colors golden yellow, orange, bronze
brown to black disk - Bloom time summer and fall
- Habit 2-3, erect to round
- Culture full, light shade, hot, dry
- Utilization cut, background, border, bed
106Cherokee Sunset
Prairie Sun
107Chimchiminee
108R. maxima - Giant Coneflower
109Salvia greggii autumn sage
- Flower Colors pink, red, white
- Bloom time early summer to frost
- Habit 2-3, erect semi-shrub
- Culture sun, prefers well-drained, dry soil.
Very drought tolerant - Utilization border, container
110Salvia guaranitica Black Blue
111Sedum spp. sedum
- Flower Colors pink, red, scarlet, yellow, white
- Bloom time summer to fall
- Habit 2-24, mat forming to erect growth habit
- Culture sun or light shade, any soil
well-drained - Utilization ground cover, rock garden, border
112Angelina
113Lemon Fizz
114Neon
115Silphium perfoliatum Cup Plant, Rosin Cup Plant
- Flower Color yellow
- Bloom time July-Sept.
- Habit 3-8
- Culture sun, prefers moist, rich soil
- Utilization wildflower/native plant gardens,
naturalized areas or moist, open woodland areas
including stream/pond edges
116(No Transcript)
117Stipa tennuissima (Nassella) Mexican feather
grass
- Flower Colors beige to light green
- Bloom time early to mid summer
- Habit 18, clump
- Culture sun, well-drained fertile soil
- Utilization border, dried flower, slopes, rock
garden
118Verbena canadensis Homestead Homestead verbena
- Flower Color deep purple
- Bloom time summer to frost
- Habit 6, low spreading
- Culture sun, well-drained soil
- Utilization ground cover, edging, rock garden,
border
119Zephyranthes candida rain lily
- Flower Color white, sometimes blushed pink
- Bloom time late summer to fall
- Habit 6-12 high and wide
- Culture sun to light shade, moist, well-drained
soil - Utilization ground cover, edging, rock garden,
container, border
120(No Transcript)
121(No Transcript)
122(No Transcript)
123(No Transcript)
124(No Transcript)
125(No Transcript)
126(No Transcript)
127(No Transcript)
128(No Transcript)
129(No Transcript)
130(No Transcript)
131(No Transcript)
132(No Transcript)
133(No Transcript)
134(No Transcript)
135(No Transcript)
136(No Transcript)
137(No Transcript)
138(No Transcript)
139(No Transcript)
140(No Transcript)