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Vertebrates

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Vertebrates Linnea Kirby, Michelle Duffy, and Adrienne Vergith-Hill – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vertebrates


1
Vertebrates
  • Linnea Kirby, Michelle Duffy, and 
  • Adrienne Vergith-Hill

2
Vertebrate Evolution
  •  

3
Chordates
  • notochord
  • dorsal hollow nerve cord
  • muscular post-anal tail
  • pharyngeal slits or clefts
  • deuterostomes

4
Craniates
  • ?neural crest 
  • genetically complex
  • pharyngeal clefts

5
What is a vertebrate? 
  • internal bony skeleton 
  • sub phylum of Chordata
  • notochord evolved into spinal cord

6
Lampreys
  • Oldest living lineage of vertebrates
  • Live in marine and freshwater environments
  • Parasitic to fish

7
Fish
  • 3 Types 
  • chondrichthyes
  • first lineage gnathostomes
  • cartilaginous
  •  must constantly swim in order to survive
  • ray-finned  fish
  • first lineage of osteichthyans
  • operculum (gill cover)
  • swim bladder
  • 2-chambered hearts
  • lobe-finned fish
  • possibly predecessors of tetrapods

8
Amphibians
  • first lineage of tetrapods
  • amphibians means "two lives"
  • found in damp habitats
  • 3-chambered heart
  • x
  • x
  • x

9
Amniotes
  • have an amniotic egg
  • amniotic egg has extraembryoic membranes
  • function in gas exchange
  • waste storage
  • transfer of stored nutrients to embryo
  • 4 membranes
  • allantois
  • amnion
  • chorion
  • yolk sac

10
Reptiles
  • first lineage of amniotes
  •  have scales 
  • needs to use its lungs for air exchange
  • waterproof barrier to prevent dehydration
  • ectothermic
  • 3-chambered heart

11
Reptiles cont. Birds
  • endothermic
  • hollow bones
  • help with flight   
  • flight
  • feathers - made out of same protein as scales
  • 4-chambered heart

12
Mammals
  • amniotes that have hair and produce milk
  •  4-chambered heart
  •  3 subgroups
  • monotremes
  • lay eggs
  • only found in Australia and New Guinea
  • don't have nipples
  • marsupials
  • higher metabolic rate
  • pouch
  • eutherians (placental mammals)
  • longer period of pregnancy
  • embryonic development in uterus

13
Humans
  • bipedal hominoid with a large brain
  • different than hominids

14
Picture Citations
  • "Baby Kangaroo - Cute Kangaroo Pictures." Crazy
    Videos, Funny Videos, Funny Pictures, Flash
    Games, Guzer.com. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
    lthttp//www.guzer.com/pictures/baby_kangaroo.phpgt.
  • "Blue Poison Dart Frog." National Aquarium,
    Baltimore Home. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
    lthttp//www.aqua.org/animals_bluepoisondartfrog.ht
    mlgt.
  • Campbell, Neil A. Biology. S.l.
    Benjamin-Cummings, 2005. Print.
  • "Chimpanzee and Tiger - Best Friends FunTim."
    FunTim Fun Images and Cool Photos. Web. 28 Nov.
    2011. lthttp//www.funtim.com/dgb.htmlgt.
  • "Chordate." Virtual Microscope Home Page. Web. 28
    Nov. 2011. lthttp//kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05
    /1116/chordate.htmgt.
  • "Dartfrogforums.com - Dart Frog Forums." Tech
    Blog. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. lthttp//newverhost.com/re
    ports/69/69/663/dartfrogforums_com.htmlgt.
  • "Echidna Spikes Poll as Cutest Aussie Animal."
    The Lab AU VetShopAustralia.com.au Blog. Web.
    28 Nov. 2011. lthttp//vetshoplab.blogspot.com/2011
    /01/echidna-spikes-poll-as-cutest-aussie.htmlgt.
  • NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS) Home
    Page. US Department of Commerce. Web. 28 Nov.
    2011. lthttp//coris.noaa.gov/gt.
  • "NOAA Ocean Explorer Pacific Hagfish." NOAA,
    Ocean Explorer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
    lthttp//oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/lewis_
    clark01/logs/jul08/media/hagfish.htmlgt.
  • "Oops Cell Shows Up a Billion Years Early Bob
    Enyart Live." Home Bob Enyart Live. Web. 28
    Nov. 2011. lthttp//kgov.com/bel/20100903gt.
  • "Phyla Class Animal Diversity." Quia. Web. 28
    Nov. 2011. lthttp//www.quia.com/jg/1962577list.htm
    lgt.
  • "Reptiles Animals with Scales." Kidport Home
    Page. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. lthttp//www.kidport.com/r
    eflib/science/animals/reptiles.htmgt.
  • "Shark Behind Scuba Divers Photo Hoax." Latest
    Email Hoaxes - Current Internet Scams -
    Hoax-Slayer. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
    lthttp//www.hoax-slayer.com/shark-behind-divers.sh
    tmlgt.
  • "Stephanie Lisa Tara's Blog." Social Moms the
    Influential Moms Network. Web. 28 Nov. 2011.
    lthttp//www.socialmoms.net/profiles/blog/list?user
    3u3flc1v7aj7qgt.

15
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