SKELETAL SYSTEM

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

• The bodily system that consists of the bones,
  their associated tendons, ligaments, and
  cartilages. Teeth are also considered part of
  the skeletal system.

SKELETAL SYSTEM
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206 BONES IN HUMAN BODY

BONES
FUNCTIONS OF BONES SUPPORTS THE BODY PROTECTS THE
BODY PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS STORES MINERALS
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SKULL
28 skull bones (8 cranial, 14 facial, and 6 ear
bones) the horseshoe-shaped hyoid bone of the
neck
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VERTEBRAL (spinal) COLUMN
The spinal column (or vertebral column) extends
from the skull to the pelvis and is made up of 26
individual bones termed vertebrae. The vertebrae
are stacked on top of each other group into four
regions Cervical Vertebrae 7 Vertebrae
nearest neck. Atlas (C1) supports the skull and
Axis (C2) Thoracic Vertebrae 12 Vertebrae
nearest chest Ribcage is attached to thoracic
vertebrae Lumbar Vertebrae 5 Vertebrae
responsible for most weight bearing and
biomechanical stress. Sacral Spine Sacrum 1
(5 fused bones) Coccyx 1 (5 fused bones)
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Cervical Vertebrae (C1 C7) The cervical spine
is further divided into two parts the upper
cervical region (C1 and C2), and the lower
cervical region (C3 through C7). C1 is termed the
Atlas and C2 the Axis. Atlas (C1) The Atlas is
the first cervical vertebra and therefore
abbreviated C1. This vertebra supports the skull.
Its appearance is different from the other spinal
vertebrae. The atlas is a ring of bone made up of
two lateral masses joined at the front and back
by the anterior arch and the posterior
arch.                                             
                                      Axis (C2)
The Axis is the second cervical vertebra or C2.
It is a blunt toothlike process that projects
upward. It is also referred to as the dens
(Latin for tooth) or odontoid process. The dens
provides a type of pivot and collar allowing the
head and atlas to rotate around the dens.
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Thoracic Vertebrae (T1 T12) The thoracic
vertebrae increase in size from T1 through T12
The rib cage is joined to the thoracic vertebrae.
At T11 and T12, the ribs do not attach and are so
are called "floating ribs." The thoracic spine's
range of motion is limited due to the many
rib/vertebrae connections
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Lumbar Vertebrae (L1 L5) The lumbar vertebrae
graduate in size from L1 through L5. These
vertebrae bear much of the body's weight and
related biomechanical stress
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Sacral Spine The Sacrum is located behind the
pelvis. Five bones (abbreviated S1 through S5)
fused into a triangular shape, form the sacrum.
The sacrum fits between the two hipbones
connecting the spine to the pelvis. The last
lumbar vertebra (L5) articulates (moves) with the
sacrum. Immediately below the sacrum are five
additional bones, fused together to form the
Coccyx (tailbone).
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RIBS
A bony framework that protects the heart, lungs,
and other underlying organs. The rib-cage is made
up of three groups of bones the sternum
(breastbone), 12 pairs of ribs, and 12 thoracic
vertebrae. All of the ribs are attached to the
spinal column, but only the top seven pairs
connect to the sternum. These are called true
ribs and are joined to the sternum by strips of
cartilage known as costal cartilage. The next
three pairs of ribs are known as false ribs.
Instead of attaching directly to the sternum,
they all attach to the lowest true rib. The last
two pairs of ribs are called floating ribs and
attach only to the spine.
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CLAVICLE AND SCAPULA(pectoral girdle)
The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which
connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on
each side. It consists of the clavicle and
scapula in humans CLAVICLE collarbone SCAPULA
shoulder blade
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HUMERUS, RADIUS, ULNA

• The humerus is the (upper) arm bone. It joins
  with the scapula above at the shoulder joint (or
  glenohumeral joint) and with the ulna and radius
  below at the elbow joint. The ULNA is the bone
  that runs from the point of elbow to point
  outside of wrist.

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CARPALS, METACARPALS, AND PHALANGES

• The hand has 27 bones

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PELVIS

• The pelvis is a basin shaped cavity bordered by
  the pelvic girdle and sacrum, containing and
  protecting the bladder, rectum and reproductive
  organs. Pelvic, as pertains to the pelvis. The
  structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting
  the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or
  corresponding parts in other vertebrates.

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FEMUR, TIBIA, FIBULA

• Femur Largest Bone in Body (Weight Bearing)
• Tibia Shin Bone (Weight Bearing)
• Fibula Helps muscles and tendons attach
  non-weight bearing
• Patella knee cap

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TARSALS, METATARSALS, PHALANGES

• The foot has 26 bones

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THE WHOLE PICTURE
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INTERESTING FACTS

• The hand has 27 bones, the foot has 26 and the
  face has 14. The longest bone in your body, the
  femur (thigh bone), is about 1/4 of your height.
  The smallest is the stapes (or stirrup) in the
  ear which is about 1/10 of an inch. Humans and
  giraffes have the same number of bones in their
  necks. Most of the bones in the body are in the
  hands.