The Progress of War: 1861-1865

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The Progress of War 1861-1865
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Major Battles

• Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas name used by
  Confederates) July 21, 1861- Thinking an
  invasion of Richmond would bring a quick end to
  the war, the Union marches into VA. Victory
  CSA.
• Jackson received his famous nickname Stonewall
  from this battle because he stood his ground like
  a stone wall.

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Battle of Antietam Creek/Sharpsburg, MD

• September 17, 1862 - First battle on Union soil
• Bloodiest single day ( 23.000 killed, wounded,
  or missing) of fighting in all of U.S. history
• Three phases of fighting corn field, sunken road
  and Antietam Creek bridge
• McClellan (Union) fails to destroy Lee's
  Confederate army.
• Tactically inconclusive but Lincoln sees it as a
  positive event because Lee retreats back to VA.
  He issues his Emancipation Proclamation.

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Emancipation Proclamation September 22, 1862

• Lincoln issued this executive order that the
  slaves of any state in rebellion (the
  Confederacy) that did not return to the Union
  would be free as of January 1, 1863 (the deadline
  to return to the Union).
• Slavery, not preserving the Union, is now a
  primary reason for fighting the war.
• None of the Confederate States of America
  returned.
• This document also discouraged European
  governments from helping the Confederacy.

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Battle of GettysburgPennsylvania

• Second battle on Union soil Union
  Meade/Reynolds vs. Confederate Lee
• Battle lasted three (3) days - July 1-3, 1863
• During the first day of fighting, the
  Confederates were very successful on the second
  the Union held their ground and on the third
  Pickets Charge was repulsed leaving Lee no
  other option but to retreat back to Virginia
• Major turning point in the war largest of
  casualties in the war (23,000 Union 28,000
  Confederate)
• The Confederacy never regained enough
  replacements while the Union had many more men to
  draft.

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The Road to Gettysburg 1863
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Gettysburg Casualties
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• Gettysburg, Pa. Confederate dead gathered for
  burial at the edge of the Rose woods, July 5,
  1863

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Chickamauga, GA

• September 1920, 1863
• One of the most significant Union defeats
• Gen. Braxton Bragg should have followed the Union
  retreat to Chattanooga

Federal camp by the Tennessee River,
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Kennesaw Mt. and the Atlanta Campaign

• Battle of Kennesaw Mt. was the last Confederate
  victory before Atlanta falls
• fought on June 27, 1864
• Johnston blocked Shermans path to Atlanta with
  fortifications on Kennesaw Mt.
• The Union army eventually went around the Mt. and
  headed toward Atlanta, an important railroad and
  supply center for the Confederacy
• September 2,1864, Atlanta falls to Union forces
  and this politically helps Lincoln get re-elected

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Shermans March to the Sea

• After Sherman captured Atlanta he sent his troops
  through GA to Savannah, Nov.-Dec. 1864
• He operated without supply lines and took what he
  needed along the way, resulting in complete
  destruction of industry, infrastructure and
  civilian property (Total War)

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ShermansMarchthroughGeorgiato theSea, 1864
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Andersonville, A Prisoner of War Camp

• Andersonville was a Confederate POW camp that was
  overcrowded with too many prisoners and extremely
  undersupplied which caused many to die.

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Andersonville

• Camp Sumter, or Andersonville Prison, was in
  operation for 14 months (1864 1865)
• Built to house 10,000 prisoners
• At one point, 45,000 Union Soldiers were held
  there.
• 13,000 of them died