American Revolution and the Young Republic

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American Revolution and the Young Republic

• AP 3,4,5
• SOL VUS 4a-c

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Colonial Society

• Patriarchal with lots of children
• Small farming, trade, and shipbuilding
• Indentured servants
• Holidays (Christmas disliked in New England)

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The Great Awakening

• Religious Revival
• Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the hands of an
  angry God and George Whitfield
• New Lights revival vs. traditional
• Unifying Experience shared by all Colonists

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The French and Indian War

• France wanted control of Ohio Valley
• Washington successful at first, then pushed back
• Franklins Albany Plan
• Braddock overcome at Fort Duquesne
• British pushed French out of the Ohio River
• Treaty of Paris 1763

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New Immigrants

• Squatters
• German migration from war, poverty, and religious
  persecution at home. (6 of Population)
• Pennsylvania Dutch
• Scottish Presbyterians migrated from high rent
  and economic depression

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• Who were the major preachers during the Great
  Awakening?
• Langston Hughes and Nathaniel Hawthorne
• George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards
• Jonathan Edwards and Thomas Paine
• William C. Bryant and Jonathan Edwards
• Jonathan Edwards and Nathaniel Hawthorne

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• German immigrants accounted for roughly what
  percentage of the population in the 1770s?
• 0-5
• 5-10
• 10-15
• 15-20
• 25-34

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Writs Of Assistance

• General search warrants to stop evasion of
  British mercantilist trade restrictions
• James Otis contrary to natural law
• Lost the case in the Massachusetts court

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The Stamp Act

• Pressured by Grenville, Parliament passed this in
  1765
• First direct tax
• Required purchased revenue stamps on all paper
  products
• Taxation without representation is tyranny
• Otis and Adams formed The Sons of Liberty

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Declaratory Act

• Passed when the Stamp Act was repealed
• Claimed power to tax or make laws for the
  Americans in all cases whatsoever
• Americans were so overjoyed with the Stamp Act
  repeal they ignored how all the new rights they
  had fought for were now denied
• Colonies again proclaimed loyalty to Britain

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Albany Plan

• Proposed by Franklin
• Congress of delegates representing all colonies
• Rejected by England because it made the colonies
  too strong
• First political cartoon
• Snake cut into pieces would come to life if they
  were joined before sunset

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Townshend Acts

• Charles Townshend convinced Parliament to allow
  him to tax the colonies
• Accused those against the Writs of Assistance and
  Quartering Act
• John Dickinson Letters from a Farmer in
  Pennsylvania
• Massachusetts Circular Letter
• Repealed, but tensions led to the Boston
  Massacre

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Road To Revolution
All tyranny needs to gain a foothold is for
people of good conscience to remain silent.
Thomas Jefferson

• Colonists had gotten used to freedoms under
  Salutary Neglect
• After the 7 Years War, Britain tightened its grip
• Colonists were disgruntled over taxation without
  representation in Parliament as well as having to
  pay for their protection
• Colonists decided to become independent (Thomas
  Jefferson)

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• What was Ben Franklins idea to unite the
  colonies during the Seven Years War called?
• Anaconda Plan
• First Continental Congress
• Second Continental Congress
• Declaration of Independence
• Albany Plan

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• Which act proclaimed that Parliament could bind
  the colonies in all cases whatsoever.
• Stamp Act
• Declaratory Act
• Townshend Acts
• Quartering Act
• Sugar Act

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Continental Congress

• Met in Philadelphia, from September 5th to
  October 26th, 1774
• Did not want independence
• Listed grievances and Declaration of Rights
• No Georgia representative
• Britain ignored claims and decided to teach
  Americans a military lesson

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Declaration of Independence

• Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson, to write the
  document
• List of grievances against King George III
• Explained why colonies had the right to revolt
• July 4, 1776

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Lexington and Concord

• Troops gathered in Massachusetts
• Gage sent to destroy a stockpile of arms in
  Concord
• Riders Paul Revere and William Dawes dispatched
• Minutemen

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Bunker Hill

• Howe, Clinton, and Burgoyne to assist Gage in
  removing Americans from Breeds Hill
• Americans pushed British back twice, then ran out
  of ammunition
• Bloodiest battle of the war
• British victory, but they gained little ground

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The Second Continental Congress

• Two main factions of
• New Englanders desiring independence
• Middle colonies not ready to break from
  England (led by Dickinson)
• Olive Branch Petition
• Creation of the continental army
• Thomas Paine, Common Sense

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Washington Takes Command
The Constitution is the guide which I never will
abandon

• Defeated at Long Island, narrowly avoided being
  captured by Howe
• On Christmas Day, crossed the Delaware River to
  defeat Hessians
• France sent covert shipments to the Americans
  with the hope of seeing Britain defeated

It is impossible to rightly govern a nation
without God and the Bible.
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Saratoga and Valley Forge

• Howe wanted to meet up with Burgoyne to cut off
  New England supplies
• British wanted to capture Philadelphia
• Washington holed up for the winter at Valley
  Forge
• Burgoyne forced to retreat to Canada and
  overtaken by an American army
• American victory convinced French to join the war

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Yorktown

• Cornwallis (British) disobeyed Clinton and the
  southern strategy and moved in to attack Yorktown
• With aid of French fleet, Washington trapped
  Cornwallis
• Cornwallis surrendered on October 17, 1781

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Treaty of Paris 1783

• Franklin, Adams, and Jay negotiated for America
• France and Spain were conspiring against American
  desires
• America made a separate treaty with Britain

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Treaty of Paris 1783 Terms

• United States recognized as independent
• Western boundary set at the Mississippi River
• Southern boundary at the northern Florida boarder
• Britain kept Canada but surrendered Florida to
  Spain
• British creditors could collect debts from U.S.
  citizens
• Congress would recommend that states restore
  confiscated loyalist property

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Articles of Confederation

• First written Constitution of the U.S.
• Unicameral legislature- one house
• The authority of the executive and judicial
  branches would remain with the individual states.
• 9 out of 13 states were
• needed to pass a law.
• Unanimous vote by the
• states was necessary to
• amend the Articles.

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Articles of Confederation
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Articles of Confederation

• States had a lot of power under the AOC.
• Social Reform
• New Jerseys 1776 constitution allowed women to
  vote (for a time)
• Continental Congress of 1774 had called for the
  abolition of slavery
• Philadelphia Quakers founded the worlds first
  antislavery society.

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• What could the Federal Government do under the
  AOC?
• Levy taxes
• Use the internet without surf control
• Make treaties
• Fish in British waters
• Hold raves

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• Who didnt have a representative at the First
  Continental Congress?
• Georgia
• South Carolina
• Rhode Island
• Virginia
• New Jersey

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• Which state allowed women to vote for a short
  time?
• Georgia
• South Carolina
• Rhode Island
• Virginia
• New Jersey

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Discussion Questions

• Were the Sons of Liberty terrorists or patriots?
• Did Britain have a right to tax the colonies?
  What about the Proclamation of 1763?
• What does all men are created equal mean?

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• Analyze the impact of immigrants on revolutionary
  sympathies in the colonies in the 1770s.