Review

1
Review

• What was Jewish life like prior to the partition
  of Poland
• What is the Pale of Settlement?
• What was Tsar Nicolas Is plan for dealing with
  the Jewish Problem? What were some ways he
  accomplished it?
• What was the Haskalah?
• How did Judaism change religiously in Eastern
  Europe?

2
East European Jewry

• Part II

3
Anti-Semitism Pogroms I

• Pogrom Definition
• Russian word for a violent riot, accompanied by
  pillage and murder, perpetrated by one group
  against another. Throughout Russian history
  pogroms occurred between various communities.
• In a broader sense, pogrom has come to mean
  attacks by non-Jewish Russians against the Jews
  between 1881 and 1921.

4
Anti- Semitism Pogroms II

• Primary Sources
• The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev (page 409)
• The City of Slaughter (page 410)
• Additional Discussion Questions
• What is different about who is condemned in each
  document?
• What do we learn about this event by looking at
  more than one document?
• Which argument do you agree with? Why?

5
Anti-Semitism Blood Libel

• Menachem Mendel Beilis (1874-1934)
• Non-observant Jew
• Soldier Factory superintendent
• Father of 5
• Beilis Trial (1911-1913)
• Evidence did not point to Beilis
• Outcry from around the world
• Beilis tried in 1913
• Acquitted when murderer turns himself in

Arrest of Menachem Beilis
6
Anti-Semitism Jewish Response I

• Emigration from Russia
• Causes
• Pogroms
• Economic Depression
• Destinations
• America
• Israel
• South America
• Baron De Hirsch (Jewish Colonization Association)
• Argentina and Brazil

7
Anti-Semitism Jewish Response II

• Socialism
• Definition A movement which aims to improve
  society through collective action and communal
  ownership of property.
• Begins in Western Europe in the 19th Century and
  spreads to Russia
• Industrial Revolution
• Jews see in this ideology possibility for a
  better future.

8
Anti-Semitism Jewish Response IIa

• Algemeyner arbeter bund in Polyn un Rusland
  (General Jewish Workers Union in Poland and
  Russia)
• Founded in 1897
• Views
• Secular political party opposed to traditional
  Judaism
• Sought rights for the proletariat
• Sought national-cultural autonomy for Jews
• Member of RSDWP
• 1912 sided with Mensheviks
• 1921 joined the Communist Party

9
Changes in the 20th Century

• Similarities and Differences Between the Bund and
  RSDWP
• Bund Jewish nationalism
• RSDWP Jews are not a nation
• March Revolution (1917)
• Emancipation of the Jews
• Russification continues

10
Next Class

• Mid-term Exam
• Need Raspberry Scantron
• Multiple Choice, T/F, Extra Credit