Socialization

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Chapter 3

• Socialization

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• Socialization?
• Lifelong process
• Self-identity
• Survival skills
• Sociobiology
• How does biology affect social behavior?

nature
nurture
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• Social contact is necessary to human survival
• Harlows nonhuman primate studies of social
  isolation

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Child Abuse/Maltreatment

• Neglect is the most frequent form of child
  maltreatment
• Basic needs are not met
• emotional security
• adequate shelter
• food
• health care
• education
• clothing
• protection

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Social Psychological Theories of Human
Development

• Sigmund Freud
• Id
• Ego
• Superego

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Social Psychological Theories of Human
Development

• Jean Piaget
• Sensorimotor (birth - 2)
• Preoperational (age 2 - 7)
• Concrete operational (age 7 - 11)
• Formal Operational (age 12 - adolescence)

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Stages of Moral Development

• Lawrence Kohlberg
• Preconventional (age 7 - 10)
• Conventional (age 11 - adulthood)
• Postconventional Level (few reach this stage)

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Gender and Moral Development

• Carol
  Gilligan
• Male bias in Kohlbergs research
• Differences between men
• and womens moral development
• Selfish concerns
• Responsibility to others
• Greatest good for self and others

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Sociological Theories ofHuman Development

• I, me, my, mine, myself
• not present at birth

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Self-Concept
Self-Identity
Our perceptions about what kind of person we are

• Totality of our beliefs and feelings about
  ourselves

1. Physical Self
2. Active Self
3. Social Self
4. Psychological Self

Based on the perceptions of others
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Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self
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Mead and Role Taking

• Significant others
• I versus Me
• I is the subjective element of the self
• Me is the objective element of the self

1. Preparatory Stage (birth - 3)
2. Play Stage (age 3 - 5)
3. Game Stage (6 and beyond)

Generalized Other demands and expectations of
society
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Agents of Socialization

• The Family
• The School
• Peer Groups
• Mass Media

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Gender Socialization
feminine
masculine
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Racial Socialization

• Personal and group identity
• Intergroup and interindividual relationships
• Position in the Social Hierarchy

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• Resocialization
• Voluntary
• Involuntary

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Questions?Comments?