Chapter 4: Are you Listening?

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Chapter 4Are you Listening?
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v1d5T6D4ZwHw
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What is listening?
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Hearing vs Listening

• Hearing
• Process in which sound waves strike the eardrum
  and cause vibrations that are then transmitted to
  the brain
• Listening-
• Process which occurs when the brain reconstructs
  these impulses and gives them meaning

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What do we need to know about listening?
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Listening is an Active Process

• Listening occupies more of our communication time
  than speaking, writing, or reading
• not a natural process
• Is a learned skill
• Requires effort

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• Four Parts of the Listening Process
• Attending
• Understanding
• Responding verbally or nonverbally
• Remembering
• Serial Communication

TAXI!!
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Residual Messages

• We only remember 50 of the information we listen
  to immediately after we hear it.
• We only remember 35 after 8 hours.
• We only remember 25 of this information after 2
  ½ months.

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What causes poor listening?
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General Listening Errors

• Hearing Problem
• Lack of effort
• Message overload
• Rapid Thought mental spare time
• Noise (physical, psychological, physiological)
• Cultural Influences
• Things such as media have programmed us to listen
  in brief soundbites

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Faulty Listening Behaviors

• Pseudolisteners-
• Make appropriate gestures but not really
  listening
• Selective listeners
• Only hear what they are interested in
• Defensive listeners
• Take innocent comments as personal attacks

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Faulty Listening Behaviors

• Insensitive listeners
• Dont look beyond the words
• Stage Hogs
• Turn the conversation back to themselves

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How can we listen more effectively?

• Listen mentally
• Listen physically
• Know your goal

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Listen Mentally

• Concentrate on the meaning of what is being said
  rather than the precise words or mechanics
  (accent, grammar, etc.)
• Work with the speech-thought differential
• 120-150 wpm is the average speech rate
• 500-600 wpm is the average thinking rate
• Use the time to summarize and paraphrase

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Listen Physically

• Face the person
• Adopt an open posture
• Maintain comfortable eye contact
• Lean slightly towards person
• Listen to only one person at a time

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Know Your Goal

• Informational
• Understanding and retaining information
• Critical
• Analyzing and evaluating content
• Supportive
• Helping others

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Informational Listening

• Paraphrase-
• Put ideas in your own words
• Look for key ideas
• Take notes
• Be opportunistic
• FIND SOMETHING to learn

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Critical Listening

• Listen BEFORE evaluating
• Evaluate the speakers
• Credibility (Ethos)
• Evidence and Reasoning (logos)
• Emotional Appeals (pathos)

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Supportive Listening

• Also known as Active Listening
• Feedback is the most important aspect.

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Types of Feedback

• Non-evaluative
• Questioning/ probing (ask for more questions)
• Supporting show the person you care
• Prompting use silence or brief statements to
  draw the person out
• Paraphrasing
• Put message into your own words
• Repeat the message making statement more general
  of specific

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• Evaluative advising/judging
• Positive Is it accurate and appropriate?
• Negative Is it constructive, wanted? What are
  your motives?
• Formative Is it the best time to give negative
  feedback?